3100_雅思词汇(正序版)
3100. ownership
'əunəʃip 所有权
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state ownership (公有制;国家所有制)
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private ownership (私人所有制)
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land ownership (土地拥有权;土地业权)
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public ownership (公有制;国家所有)
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collective ownership (集体所有制)
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home ownership (居者有其屋;自置居所)
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ownership system (所有制)
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stock ownership (股份所有权)
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transfer of ownership (所有权转让)
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cost of ownership (n. 购置成本;经营成本)
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employee stock ownership (员工股份持有制)
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equity ownership (业主权益;产权所有权)
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individual ownership (个人所有制)
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capital ownership (资本所有权)
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ownership interest (所有者权益;所有权权益)
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ownership certificate (n. 所有权证书;船舶执照)
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take ownership (获得所有权;取得拥有权;全心地投入)
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joint ownership (共同所有权)
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transfer ownership (过户)
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employee stock ownership plan ((美国国内税务署批准的)职工股票所有权计划)
- The price of home ownership is increasing. (房价在不断上涨。)
- property, droit ([法]所有权;物主身份)
3101. oxide
'ɔksaid [化]氧化物2003-2-23 16:18:00举报帖子
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zinc oxide (n. 氧化锌)
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nitric oxide (氧化一氮)
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iron oxide (氧化铁)
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metal oxide (n. 金属氧化物;金属氧化物电阻;金属绝缘膜)
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oxide film (氧化膜;氧化物保护膜)
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ethylene oxide (环氧乙烷;乙撑氧)
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aluminum oxide (氧化铝;铝氧土(等于alumina))
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propylene oxide (氧化丙烯)
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magnesium oxide ([化]氧化镁)
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ferric oxide (三氧化二铁,氧化铁)
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aluminium oxide (氧化铝)
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calcium oxide (氧化钙,生石灰)
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nitrogen oxide (氧化氮;氮的氧化物)
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tin oxide (二氧化锡)
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titanium oxide (三氧化钛)
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copper oxide ([医]氧化铜)
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nitrous oxide ([化]一氧化二氮;笑气(等于laughing gas))
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oxide layer (氧化层)
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manganese oxide (氧化锰)
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cobalt oxide (氧化钴)
- iron oxide (氧化铁)
- oxyde ([化学]氧化物)
3102. pace
一步;走或跑的速度
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keep pace (并驾齐驱;齐步并进)
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keep pace with (并驾齐驱,保持同步)
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change of pace (n. 改变习惯;更换口味)
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at a snail's pace (慢条斯理地;极慢地)
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set the pace (v. 领先;起领头作用;定速度)
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off the pace (在第一名之后)
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at a good pace (相当快地)
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force the pace (◎(比赛中)采用加速战术,以尽快拖垮对方)
- He quickened his pace , longing to be home. (他加快步伐,盼望着早点回到家中。)
- footwork (一步;步速;步法)
3103. pacify
'pæsifai 抚慰;平静;平安;绥靖
- ‘You’re right,’ Rita said, in order to pacify him. (“你是对的。”丽塔安抚他道。)
- calm, comfort, quiet, compose (使平静;安慰;平定)
3104. pad
[pæd] 垫子;拍纸簿
[pæd] 步行,走路
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brake pad (刹车片;盘式刹车片;制动衬块;闸垫)
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pad printing (移印)
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launch pad (n. 发射台)
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mouse pad (滑鼠垫)
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fat pad (脂肪垫)
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cotton pad (化装棉;棉褥)
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on the pad (◎在公路上抢劫)
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rubber pad (橡胶垫)
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foot pad (脚垫;鞋垫)
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shoulder pad (护肩;轴肩衰减器)
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writing pad (n. 书写纸)
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heating pad (电热垫;取暖电毯)
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touch pad (触摸板)
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scouring pad (百洁布;擦洗用的钢丝绒)
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launching pad (发射台;起飞坪;出发点)
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bearing pad (轴承垫,乌金轴瓦;轴瓦)
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stamp pad (打印台)
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memo pad (记事簿,便笺)
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note pad (记事本;便条本)
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tilting pad (可倾瓦块;扇形支座;倾斜垫)
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Keep a telephone pad and a pen to hand. (手边准备一本电话记事簿和一支笔。)
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a pad of paper (一本拍纸簿)
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liner, interleaver ([机]衬垫;便笺簿;填补;印色盒)
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foot, hoof it (步行;放轻脚步走)
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step, fill up (填补;走)
3105. paddle
'pædl 短桨
'pædl 用桨划动
- paddle wheel (桨轮;明轮)
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Each man had a paddle for an hour and then a rest. (每人划一小时桨, 然后休息一下。)
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We strive to paddle to follow the stream, however, we are unsure if how and when we will reach the horizon. (我们沿着河流奋力划桨,但是我们无法确定我们什么时候和怎样才能到达地平线。)
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If you run your team as if they were self-leading, but in reality they’re chaos, then before long you’ll be heading up a certain creek without a paddle. (如果你当他们是自我引导型的团队在运作,但其实他们事实上还是在混乱的状态,那么不久你就会在一条河上像没有桨似的乱窜。)
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oarage (划桨;明轮翼)
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pug (拌;搅;用桨划)
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wade through (划桨;戏水;涉水)
3106. pageant
'pædʒənt 露天表演,庆典
- ...a historical pageant of kings and queens. (…一场历史上的国王和王后们的盛大庆典。)
- parade, frills (盛会;游行;虚饰;露天表演)
3107. pains
peinz 辛苦
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growing pains ([医]发育期痛;青少年发育期的关节痛)
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at pains (尽力;用心)
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take pains (尽力,费苦心;耐心)
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take great pains (煞费苦心;花大气力)
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no pains no gains (不劳则无获)
- ...grey eyes that seemed filled with pain. (…似乎充满了痛苦的灰色眼睛。)
- wrenches (使痛苦(pain的第三人称单数形式))
3108. painstaking
'peinz,teikiŋ 极小心的;勤恳的
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The work had been done with painstaking attention to detail. (这项工作被一丝不苟地完成了。)
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Chris described in painstaking detail what had happened. (克里斯非常详细地描述了所发生的事情。)
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careful, tough, rough, diligent (艰苦的;勤勉的;小心的)
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industry, diligence (辛苦;勤勉)
3109. palatable
'pælətəbl 可口的,美味的;惬意的
- a very palatable wine (口感极佳的酒)
- delicious, good, bright (美味的,可口的;愉快的)
3110. palm
pɑ:m 手掌,棕榈
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palm oil (n. 棕榈油)
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bear the palm (获奖;获胜)
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palm tree (棕榈树)
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palm springs (棕榈泉(美国加州))
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palm beach (棕榈滩(位于美国佛罗里达州东南部))
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oil palm (油棕;油棕榈树)
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palm pilot (掌上电脑)
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palm sunday ([宗]圣枝主日(即复活节前的星期日))
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palm leaf (n. 棕榈叶)
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palm kernel (棕榈仁;棕仁)
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coconut palm ([植]椰树;椰子树)
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date palm ([植]枣椰树)
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golden palm (n. 金棕榈奖(戛纳电影节的奖项之一))
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west palm beach (西棕榈滩(美国度假胜地))
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palm wax (棕榈蜡)
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palm kernel oil (棕榈仁油;棕榈坚果油)
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palm computer (掌上电脑)
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betel palm ([植]槟榔(树))
- He held the pebble in the palm of his hand . (他把那颗卵石握在手心里。)
- vola (手掌;[林]棕榈树;掌状物)
3111. peer
同等;同辈
凝视
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peer review (同业互查)
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peer to peer (对等的;[计]端对端)
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peer pressure (来自同辈的压力)
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peer group (同辈群体;同龄群体)
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peer at (凝视)
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American children did less well in math than their peers in Japan. (美国儿童的数学成绩不如日本的同龄儿童。)
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Staff members are trained by their peers. (员工由同事培训。)
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pore, stare at (凝视,盯着看;窥视)
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prince, noble, nobility (贵族;同等的人)
3112. penalty
'penəlti 处罚,惩罚
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death penalty (死刑)
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penalty function (罚函数;[数]补偿函数)
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penalty for (罚金;对…的处罚)
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administrative penalty (行政处罚)
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penalty area (罚球区,禁区)
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penalty kick (罚点球,罚球)
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penalty spot (罚球点)
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pay the penalty (得报应,受惩罚)
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penalty factor (惩罚因子)
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penalty shootout (点球大战)
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penalty cost (亏损;违约成本)
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penalty shot ([篮]罚球;[冰]罚任意球)
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penalty goal (罚球得分;罚进的球)
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penalty box ((冰球、曲棍球)被罚下场的队员座席)
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No littering. Penalty $500. (禁止乱扔垃圾。 违者罚款500美元。)
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Withdrawing the money early will result in a 10% penalty. (提前支取这笔钱将被处以10%的罚金。)
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If he is convicted, he could receive the death penalty (= be killed as a punishment ) . (一旦定罪,他可能会被判处死刑。)
- fine, amercement ([经]罚款,罚金;[法]处罚)
3113. pendulum
'pendjuləm, -dʒə- 钟摆
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inverted pendulum (倒立摆;倒摆)
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simple pendulum (单摆;数学摆)
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compound pendulum ([物]复摆;[物]物理摆(等于physical pendulum))
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foucault's pendulum (傅科摆)
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torsion pendulum (扭秤;扭转摆)
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pendulum swing (测锤摆幅)
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pendulum clock (摆钟)
- After several years of Republican government, the pendulum will undoubtedly swing back and voters will elect a Democrat. (由共和党执政数年后,选民无疑会掉过头来,选出一位民主党人。)
3114. penetrate
'penitreit 穿过;透过
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penetrate into (刺入;透入)
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penetrate through (穿透)
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bullets that penetrate thick armour plating (穿过厚装甲的子弹)
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Sunlight barely penetrated the dirty windows. (阳光几乎照不进那些肮脏的窗户。)
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filter, permeate (渗透;穿透;洞察)
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sink, osmose (渗透;刺入;看透)
3115. pension
'penʃən 养老金,退休金;给予养老金
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pension fund (养老基金;退休基金)
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pension insurance (养老保险)
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pension plan (公积金计划;退休金办法;养老计划)
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old-age pension (养老金;退休金)
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pension scheme (退休金计划)
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retirement pension (退休金,养老金)
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old age pension (养老金;退休金)
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supplementary pension (企业年金;辅助退休金)
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At what age can you start drawing your pension ? (从多少岁可以开始领取养老金?)
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If you are self-employed, you should think about taking out a private pension . (如果你是自由职业者,应该考虑办理私人养老金事宜。)
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Many people find it hard to live on a basic state pension . (许多人发现仅凭国家基本养老金不能养活自己。)
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She pays a quarter of her salary into a pension plan. (她将每月工资的四分之一用于养老金计划。)
- retirement pay, subsidy (退休金,[劳经]抚恤金;津贴;膳宿费)
3116. perceive
pə'si:v 察觉,发觉
- perceive as (视为;当作)
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That morning, he perceived a change in Franca’s mood. (那天早上,他注意到弗兰卡情绪的变化。)
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Cats are not able to perceive colour. (猫不能辨别颜色。)
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detect, feel, absorb, see, read (察觉,感觉;理解;认知)
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to feel, come to realize (感到,感知;认识到)
3117. perceptible
pə'septibl 察觉得到的,看得出的
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a small but perceptible change (微小但可以察觉的变化)
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The sound was barely perceptible . (那声音几乎听不见。)
- seen, visible (可察觉的;可感知的;看得见的)
3118. perception
pə'sepʃən 感觉;知觉
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visual perception (视觉感知;视知觉)
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aesthetic perception (美感,审美观念;审美知觉)
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depth perception ([心]深度知觉)
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sensory perception (n. 感官知觉)
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sense perception (n. 感觉)
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motion perception (运动知觉)
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spatial perception (空间知觉)
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pain perception (痛知觉)
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consumer perception (消费者知觉)
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extrasensory perception (超感知觉)
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perception and understanding (感知与理解)
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role perception (角色知觉)
- And when they do, what do you think their perception will be? (当他们这样做时,你觉得他们的知觉是怎样的?)
- consciousness, viewpoint, sense, feel, insight (知觉;[生理]感觉;看法;洞察力;获取)
3119. percussion
pə:'kʌʃən 碰撞;震动
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percussion instrument (打击乐器)
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percussion drilling (冲击钻探,冲魂;冲唤钻眼,冲魂井)
- vibration, collision, impact, crash ([临床]叩诊;振动;碰撞;敲打乐器;打击乐器组)
3120. perennial
pə'reniəl 终年的,四季不断的,持久的
pə'reniəl 多年生植物"
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perennial plant (多年生植物)
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perennial grasses (多年生牧草)
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perennial ryegrass (黑麦草)
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perennial root (宿根)
- ...a low-growing perennial. (…一种长不高的多年生植物。)
- repeated, iterative ([植]多年生的;常年的;四季不断的;常在的;反复的)
3121. performance
执行;成绩;演出
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high performance (高性能;高效能的)
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good performance (良好的性能;良好绩效)
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performance evaluation (性能评估;性能赋值)
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performance management (绩效管理)
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system performance ([计]系统性能;系统业绩)
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dynamic performance (n. 动态特性)
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performance appraisal (成绩评价,业绩评价)
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high performance liquid chromatography (高效液相色谱法;高效液相层析)
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performance test (特性试验)
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economic performance (经济表现;经济实绩)
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performance index (性能指标,工作指数)
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outstanding performance (出色表现;杰出的表现)
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performance analysis (技术性能分析)
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product performance (产品性能)
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control performance (控制性能)
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overall performance (整体性能;总指标)
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superior performance (性能优越)
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business performance (经营成绩,企业绩效;经营绩效)
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operating performance (操作手续;营业实绩)
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working performance (工作性能;作业效率)
- This evening’s performance will begin at 8.00 pm. (今晚的演出8点开始。)
- property, capability, enforcement, execution, implementing (性能;绩效;表演;执行)
3122. perfume
pə'fju:m 香水,香味
- perfume bottle (香水瓶)
- She was wearing the perfume that he’d bought her. (她擦了他买给她的香水。)
- fragrance, parfum (香水;香味)
3123. peril
'peril (严重的)危险;危险的事物
-
in peril (危亡;处于危险之中;冒着危险)
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in peril of (冒着…的危险;使发生危险;有…的危险;在危险中;在危急中)
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at the peril of (冒…的危险)
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yellow peril (黄祸)
- a voyage that was fraught with peril (历尽艰险的旅程)
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risk, hazard, throw, venture, adventure ([安全]危险;冒险)
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endanger, jeopard (危及;置…于险境)
3124. perimeter
pə'rimitə 周边,周长,周界
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wetted perimeter ([地]湿周)
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perimeter blasting (光面爆破;周边爆破;巷道周边爆破法)
- ...the perimeter of the airport. (…机场周边。)
- circumference, campimeter ([数]周长;周界;[眼科]视野计)
3125. periodical
,piəri'ɔdikəl 周期的;定期的
,piəri'ɔdikəl 期刊;杂志
- periodical inspection (定期检查)
- She made periodical visits to her dentist. (她定期去看牙医。)
-
regular, stated, time, cyclical ([数]周期的;定期的)
-
magazine, journal, serial (期刊;杂志)
3126. periodically
,piəri'ɔdikəli 偶然地,定期地
- regularly, termly (定期地;周期性地;偶尔;间歇)
3127. periphery
pə'rifəri (圆体的)外面;周围
- extremists on the periphery of the animal rights movement (处于动物权利运动边缘的极端分子)
- margin, suburb (外围,[地理]边缘;圆周;圆柱体表面)
3128. periscope
'periskəup 潜望镜
-
Submarines are most vulnerable to detection when the submarine commander uses a periscope to assess the situation on the surface. (当潜艇指挥官使用潜望镜对海面态势进行评估的时候最容易被探测到也最容易被攻击。)
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The radar affords the helicopter long-range search, imaging, and tracking capabilities for surface vessels and includes an advanced periscope detection mode. (该雷达可为直升机提供远程水面舰艇的搜索、成像、跟踪能力,包括先进的潜望镜检测模式。)
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In that sense, Internet use is like a periscope: When users age 50-plus put theirs up, researchers have found, they’re looking both backward and forward, toward the past and the future. (在这个意义上,互联网的使用像潜望镜:当使用者年龄50余岁时,研究人员已经发现,他们也在向后和向前的寻找,面向过去和未来。)
- kleptoscope, omniscope ([光][军][船]潜望镜)
3129. perish
'periʃ 灭亡,使痛苦;腐朽
- perish the thought (打消念头)
- Hundreds perished when the ship went down. (轮船沉没,数百人罹难。)
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destroy, damage (使麻木;毁坏)
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die, flag (死亡;毁灭;腐烂;枯萎)
3130. perishable
'periʃəbl (尤指食物)易坏的,易腐烂的;易坏之物"
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perishable goods (易腐货物;易损物品)
-
perishable food (容易腐坏的食品;易腐食品)
3131. permanent
永久性的,持久的
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permanent magnet (永久磁铁)
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permanent residence (长期居留)
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permanent resident (永久性居民)
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permanent member (常任理事国;永久性成分)
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permanent damage (永久损伤)
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permanent job (固定职业)
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permanent magnetism (永磁;永久磁性)
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permanent deformation (永久变形,残留变形)
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permanent establishment (恒久的设施)
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permanent representative (常驻代表;常驻大使)
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permanent address (永久地址;永久住址;原籍)
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permanent mold (永久铸模;金属铸模)
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permanent basis (平时编制)
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permanent error (永久误差;永久性错误)
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permanent mould (永久模,硬模)
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permanent way (永存性公路;铁路线路)
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permanent position (固定位置)
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permanent mold casting (金属型铸造;冷硬铸造)
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permanent memory (永久性存储器;固定存储器)
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permanent set (永久变形;最后凝结;固定装置)
-
He gave up a permanent job in order to freelance. (他放弃了固定工作,为的是当一名自由职业者。)
-
a permanent change in your eating habits (饮食习惯的永久改变)
-
The blindness that the disease causes will be permanent. (这种疾病引起的失明是永久性的。)
-
Miller soon became a permanent fixture (= someone or something that is always there ) on the team. (米勒很快就成为球队的固定队员。)
- eternal, constant, steady, lasting, perpetual (永久的,永恒的;不变的)
3132. permeate
'pə:mieit 弥漫,透过
- permeate through (渗透入;透过)
- The smell of diesel oil permeated the air. (空气里充斥着柴油的气味。)
-
filter, penetrate (渗透,透过;弥漫)
-
smoke, shed (弥漫;透入;散布)
3133. pitch
球场;声音的高低度;沥青;程度v投掷
-
pitch in (投入;作出贡献)
-
tar pitch (焦油沥青)
-
coal tar pitch (沥青;煤焦油沥青;硬煤沥青)
-
pitch on (选中;决定)
-
pitch angle (节面角(锥齿轮的);螺旋角)
-
variable pitch (可变螺距;可变节距;变斜度)
-
pitch diameter (节圆直径)
-
pitch control (树脂障碍控制;行距控制;节距控制;音调控制)
-
screw pitch (螺纹距,螺距)
-
pitch point (节点;齿轮啮合节点)
-
sales pitch (推销商品的言辞)
-
petroleum pitch (石油沥青)
-
football pitch (足球场)
-
pitch period (齿节周期;音高周期)
-
at fever pitch (处于狂热状态;处于非常激动(或兴奋)状态)
-
pitch circle (齿节圆,节距圆)
-
pitch curve (啮合曲线;分度曲线)
-
fixed pitch (固定字宽)
-
fever pitch (n. 狂热;极度兴奋)
-
thread pitch (螺距)
- He ran the length of the pitch and scored. (他跑过全场,得分了。)
-
slope, throw, lean (倾斜;投掷;搭帐篷;坠落)
-
throw, cast, camp (投;掷;定位于;用沥青涂;扎营;向前倾跌)
-
extent, degree, resin, putting, measure (沥青;音高;程度;[松脂]树脂;倾斜;投掷)
3134. pivot
'pivət 中枢,轴;辩论的要点
-
pivot point (枢轴点,旋转点;支点,枢心;轴心点)
-
pivot pin (中心承枢;中心销钉;枢轴销)
-
pivot table (数据透视表)
- Forming the pivot of the exhibition is a large group of watercolours. (构成这个展览核心的是一大批水彩画。)
-
center, central point ([力]枢轴;中心点;旋转运动)
-
be relative to (在枢轴上转动;随…转移)
-
key ([力]枢轴的;关键的)
3135. placard
'plækɑ:d, -əd 招贴,布告
- a huge placard saying ‘Welcome to Derbyville’ (印有“欢迎来到德比维尔”的巨幅标语牌)
-
poster, handbill (海报,标语牌;招贴)
-
post, hang, paste, publish (张贴,悬挂;公布;张贴公告于)
3136. placid
'plæsid 平静的,安静的
-
a large, placid baby (一个胖胖的、安静的婴儿)
-
She sat still, placid and waiting. (她安安静静坐着等候。)
- pacific, peaceful, calm, composed, soft (平静的;温和的;沉着的)
3137. plagiarize
'pleidʒjəraiz 剽窃,抄袭(别人学说、著作)
- He accused other scientists of plagiarizing his research. (他指控其他科学家剽窃他的研究成果。)
-
copy (剽窃;抄袭)
-
lift, copy (剽窃;抄袭)
3138. plague
pleiɡ 瘟疫;麻烦,祸患
-
bubonic plague (n. [医]黑死病)
-
lung plague (牛肺疫,牛传染性胸膜肺炎)
-
black plague (鼠疫;黑死病)
-
great plague (n. 大瘟疫(指1665年流行于伦敦的鼠疫))
-
devouring plague (吞噬瘟疫(游戏中用语))
- drops in population levels due to plagues and famines (瘟疫和饥荒造成的人口水平下降)
-
disaster, trouble, headache ([医]瘟疫;灾祸;麻烦;讨厌的人)
-
harry, worry, trouble, tear, devil (折磨;使苦恼;使得灾祸)
3139. plaintive
'pleintiv 哀伤的,忧伤的
- They lay on the firm sands, listening to the plaintive cry of the seagulls. (他们躺在坚实的沙滩上,听着海鸥的哀鸣。)
- sad, sorrow-stricken (哀伤的;悲哀的)
3140. planetarium
,plæni'tεəriəm 天文馆
-
The motions of the stars can be approximated in a planetarium. (星星的运动可在天文馆里模拟。)
-
Washington lived in an impoverished West Side community and has strong memories of preschool field trips to the library, zoo and planetarium where he learned to love science. (华盛顿住在贫困的西部社区,他深深地记得那时候在学前班时的图书馆,动物园和天文馆的活动,在那里,他学会了热爱科学。)
-
Thecomplex also has Europe’s largest planetarium, an IMAX theater, and an opera house. (其综合设施还有欧洲最大的天文馆,IMAX电影院和一个歌剧院。)
3141. plank
plæŋk 厚板,板材,地板
- walk the plank (被迫离职;走跳板)
-
a long plank of wood (一长条厚木板)
-
a bridge made of planks (用厚木板搭成的桥)
- rest, supporting stand ([木]厚木板;支架;政纲条款)
3142. plankton
'plæŋktən 浮游生物
- ...its usual diet of plankton and other small organisms. (...它通常赖以为食的浮游生物和其他微生物。)
3143. plantation
plæn'teiʃən 种植园
- tea plantation (茶园;茶叶种植场)
- a rubber plantation (橡胶园)
- settlement, colonization (栽植;殖民;大农场)
3144. plaster
'plɑ:stə, 'plæs- 膏药;(涂)灰泥
-
in plaster (上石膏)
-
adhesive plaster (橡皮膏)
-
plaster cast (石膏绷带;石膏模型)
-
plaster board (n. 灰泥板;灰胶纸柏板;糊墙纸板)
-
plaster mold (石膏模型)
-
gypsum plaster (石膏灰泥,石膏抹面;石膏胶凝材料;粉饰用石膏粉)
-
sticking plaster (橡皮膏)
-
plaster of paris (熟石膏;烧石膏)
-
plaster model (n. 石膏模型;石膏像)
-
wall plaster (刷墙粉)
-
gypsum plaster board (石膏板;石膏灰泥板)
-
plaster work (抹灰泥工作;抹灰工事)
- The ceiling he had just plastered fell in and knocked him off his ladder. (他刚抹过灰泥的那块天花板脱落了,把他从梯子上砸了下来。)
-
plaister, gypse (石膏;灰泥;膏药)
-
stick, moderate (减轻;粘贴;涂以灰泥;敷以膏药;使平服)
3145. plateau
高原
-
loess plateau (黄土高原)
-
tibetan plateau (青藏高原)
-
qinghai-tibet plateau (青藏高原)
-
tibet plateau (青藏高原)
-
colorado plateau (科罗拉多高原(美国西南部高原))
-
plateau phenomenon (高原现象)
-
high plateau (高地,高原)
-
plateau climate (高原气候)
-
career plateau (职业高原;职业生涯高原)
- A broad valley opened up leading to a high, flat plateau of cultivated land. (一个宽阔的山谷展开,通向一片平坦的高原耕地。)
-
altiplano, high land ([地理]高原;稳定水平;托盘;平顶女帽)
-
level out (达到平衡;达到稳定时期)
3146. platform
'plætfɔ:m 月台,站台;讲台;(政党的)政纲,党纲
-
service platform (工作台;操作平台)
-
offshore platform (海上平台;近海平台)
-
open platform (开放平台)
-
working platform (工作平台;工专)
-
drilling platform ([工程]钻探平台)
-
mobile platform (动平台;可自行移动的近海钻井平台;移动式平台;流动平台)
-
carbonate platform (碳酸盐岩台地;碳酸盐地台)
-
operating platform (操作平台)
-
oil platform (石油平台)
-
platform software (平台软件)
-
stabilized platform (稳定平台)
-
online trading platform (网上交易平台)
-
station platform (月台,站台)
-
platform structure (站台结构)
-
platform scale (台秤)
-
lifting platform (升降平台;举重台)
-
platform diving (跳台跳水)
-
lift platform (升降平台;上升平台)
-
landing platform (卸货平台)
-
oil drilling platform (石油钻井平台)
- The Edinburgh train will depart from platform six. (开往爱丁堡的火车将从六号站台发车。)
- flatform, hathpace ([计][矿业]平台;月台,[铁路]站台;坛;[家具]讲台)
3147. platitude
'plætitju:d 陈词滥调
- His excuse was the platitude ‘boys will be boys.’ (他还是那一套理由:“男孩总归是男孩。”)
- lousy cliches, banality (陈词滥调;平凡;陈腐)
3148. plausible
'plɔ:zəble 似乎有道理的
-
His story certainly sounds plausible. (他的叙述听上去当然很合理。)
-
a plausible explanation (说得过去的解释)
- smooth-tongued, rhetoric (貌似可信的,花言巧语的;貌似真实的,貌似有理的)
3149. plea
pli: (法律)抗辩;请求,恳求,托词,口实
-
plea bargaining (n. [法]认罪求情协议)
-
plea for (恳求,请求)
- Caldwell made a plea for donations. (考德威尔恳求捐款。)
- explanation, asking, request, prayer, excuse (恳求,请求;辩解,辩护;借口,托辞)
3150. plead
pli:d 辩护;提出为理由
-
plead guilty (服罪;[经]被告服罪)
-
plead for (v. 请求;为…辩护)
-
plead with (向…恳求;恳求…)
-
plead against sb (反驳某人)
- He appeared before the committee to plead his case. (他出现在委员会上为他的案子辩护。)
-
excuse for (借口;为...[法]辩护;托称)
-
pray for, cry on (恳求;[法]辩护)
3151. pledge
pledʒ 抵押品,典当物;象征
-
pledge oneself (宣誓;保证)
-
pledge of allegiance (效忠誓言)
-
cash pledge (押金)
- He asked her to pledge the house as security for a loan. (他要她抵押房子作为贷款担保。)
-
assurance, certification, commitment, guarantee, mortgage (保证,誓言;[经]抵押;抵押品,典当物)
-
undertake, assure, promise (保证,许诺;用……抵押;举杯祝……健康)
3152. pliable
易弯的,柔韧的;易受影响的
- a shoe made of soft pliable leather (柔韧的皮革做成的鞋子)
3153. predominant
,pri'dɔminənt 主要的,占优势的
-
the predominant group in society (社会中的主导群体)
-
In this painting, the predominant colour is black. (这幅画的主色调是黑色。)
- remarkable, excellent, primary, major, prominent (主要的;卓越的;[计]支配的;有力的;有影响的)
3154. preface
'prefis 序言;为加序
- ...the preface to Kelman's novel. (…凯尔曼小说的前言。)
-
prolegomena, perface (前言;引语)
-
begin with, open with (为…加序言;以…开始)
3155. pregnant
'preɡnənt 怀孕的;意义深远的
-
pregnant woman (孕妇)
-
to be pregnant (怀孕)
-
pregnant solution (含贵重矿物溶液)
-
care for pregnant women (孕妇保健)
-
I knew right away that I was pregnant. (我立即明白我怀孕了。)
-
I thought I was too old to get pregnant . (我觉得自己年龄太大,已经不能怀孕了。)
-
I didn’t mean to get her pregnant (= make her pregnant ) . (我没想让她怀孕。)
-
His wife was heavily pregnant (= almost ready to give birth ) . (他的妻子即将临产。)
- cyetic, childing (怀孕的;富有意义的)
3156. prejudice
'predʒudis 偏见,成见;(法律)损害,伤害
-
without prejudice (无偏见)
-
pride and prejudice (《傲慢与偏见》)
-
prejudice against (vt. 对……的偏见)
-
to the prejudice of (有利于,有损于)
-
racial prejudice (种族偏见)
-
Women still face prejudice in the workplace. (女性在职场中仍然面临歧视。)
-
It takes a long time to overcome these kinds of prejudices. (战胜这些偏见需要假以时日。)
-
violation, bias (偏见;侵害)
-
hurt, blast (损害;使有偏见)
3157. preliminary
pri'liminəri 初步的,开端的
-
preliminary study (初步研究)
-
preliminary analysis (初步分析)
-
preliminary design (初步设计)
-
preliminary stage (初始阶段,初期;原始阶段)
-
preliminary investigation (初步调查)
-
preliminary test (初步试验;预先测试;初级试验)
-
preliminary examination (预备考试;预先检查)
-
preliminary plan (初步设计)
-
preliminary round (初赛;分组预选赛)
-
preliminary data (初始数据)
-
preliminary survey (初步调查;初测)
-
preliminary treatment (预处理)
-
preliminary assessment (初步评估;预备评估)
-
preliminary report (初步报告;预备报告)
-
preliminary planning (初步规划;初步计划)
-
preliminary agreement (初步协议)
-
preliminary review (预审;预先复查;初审)
-
preliminary scheme (初步规划)
-
preliminary hearing (n. 调查庭)
-
preliminary works (初步工程;准备工程)
-
the preliminary stages of the competition (竞赛的预赛阶段)
-
a preliminary draft (初稿)
-
preparation, arrangement, provision (准备;预赛;初步措施)
-
opening, rudimentary (初步的;开始的;预备的)
3158. prelude
'prelju:d, 'prei- 序言,序幕
- Living together as a prelude to marriage is now considered acceptable in many countries. (婚前同居如今在许多国家都已被接受。)
-
intrada, prolusion (前奏;序幕;前奏曲)
-
sound off (作为序曲;奏序曲)
3159. premise
pri'maiz, 'premis 前提;房屋
-
on the premise (在…前提下)
-
major premise (n. [逻](三段论法的)大前提)
-
off the premises ((尤指酒店)店外,屋外,建筑物外)
-
Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises. (学校通过出租房屋场地可以获取额外收入。)
-
business premises (企业经营场所)
-
educe, draw forth (引出,预先提出;作为…的前提)
-
precondition (前提;上述各项;房屋连地基)
3160. premium
保险费;额外费用
-
insurance premium (保险费)
-
at a premium (溢价;非常珍贵;在票面价值以上)
-
risk premium (风险溢价;风险酬金;风险报酬)
-
premium rate (保险费率)
-
additional premium (附加保险费;追加保费)
-
extra premium (额外保险费;额外奖励)
-
premium income ([经]保险费收入)
-
price premium (价格溢价)
-
premium price (溢价)
-
land premium (土地补价;补地价)
-
premium grade (优级品;优质级)
-
premium system (分红制;职工奖金制度)
-
annual premium (年保险费)
-
put a premium on (奖励;重视;鼓励)
-
liquidity premium ([经]流动性升水;灵活升值)
-
pay a premium for (付…佣金)
-
share premium (股票溢价)
-
premium gasoline (变级汽油;高级汽油)
-
place a premium on (诱发)
- insurance premiums (保险费)
- bonus, dividend ([保险]保险费,额外费用;[劳经]奖金)
3161. prerogative
pri'rɔɡətiv 特权
-
Arriving late is a woman’s prerogative . (迟到是女人的特权。)
-
{"GLOSS":["the rights of kings and queens"],"COLLOINEXA":["the royal prerogative"]} (君主特权)
-
franchise, special privilege (特权)
-
favoured (有特权的)
3162. prescribe
pris'kraib 吩咐使用
- prescribe for (开处方,开药方)
- Planning, as they employ the term, means: plans made by others will prescribe to me what I am to do and how to do it. (按照他们使用这个词的方式,“计划”的意思是指:由他人所制定的计划将规定我应该做什么以及如何做。)
-
to stipulate, to formulate (规定;开药方)
-
define, regulate, state, rule (规定;开处方)
3163. prescription
pris'kripʃən 规定,指定;药方,处方
-
folk prescription (偏方;民间药方)
-
prescription drug (须医师处方才可买的药品)
-
exercise prescription (运动处方)
-
prescription medicine (处方药)
-
on prescription (凭处方(的),根据药方(的))
-
make up a prescription (配药,调剂)
-
negative prescription (【法律】(请求权的)消除时效)
-
We are trying to cut the price of prescription drugs . (我们正努力降低处方药的价格。)
-
a repeat prescription (重复处方)
- tradition, instruction, convention, usage, pointing ([医]药方;指示;惯例)
3164. presence
'prezəns 出席,到场;风采,风度
-
in the presence of (在…面前;有某人在场)
-
in presence of (提示)
-
physical presence (实体存在;实际存在)
-
military presence (军事存在)
-
internet presence (网上广告)
-
commercial presence (商业存在)
- Your presence is requested at the club meeting on Friday. (敬请出席于周五举行的俱乐部会议。)
- existence, being, entity, is ([植]存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态)
3165. presentation
赠送;提出;显示;描述
-
oral presentation (口头报告;口头陈述;口头演讲)
-
presentation skill (n. 演讲技巧;表达技巧)
-
visual presentation (视觉显示;可视图像)
-
presentation layer (表示层;呈现层)
-
data presentation (数据显示,数据表示)
-
at presentation (呈示即付)
-
give a presentation of (对…作陈述)
-
graphic presentation (图示)
-
presentation of document (提交单据)
- We will begin a series of presentations to help the public fully understand our system. (我们将进行一系列的说明,帮助公众充分了解我们的制度。)
- description, statement, representation, characterization (描述,陈述;介绍;赠送)
3166. preserve
pri'zə:v 保护;保存
- preserve food (保藏食物)
- We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands. (我们必须鼓励栽种新树木,同时也要保护现有的林地。)
-
maintain, save, secure, corn, sustain (保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎)
-
conservation area, conservation district (保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品)
3167. prestige
pre'sti:ʒ, -'sti:dʒ, 'prestidʒ 威信,声望;(由于成功等而产生)显赫
-
The king wanted to enhance his prestige through war. (国王想通过战争来提高自己的威信。)
-
This little-known British firm has now gained considerable prestige . (这家名不见经传的英国公司如今已经声名鹊起。)
-
the personal prestige attached to owning a large property (拥有大房子所带来的体面)
- reputation, credit (威望,声望;声誉)
3168. prestigious
pre'stidʒəs, -'sti:- 有威信的;有声望的
-
a prestigious literary award (享有盛名的文学奖)
-
a highly prestigious university (赫赫有名的大学)
- celebrated (有名望的;享有声望的)
3169. presumably
pri'zju:-məbli,pri:- 假定地;也许
- probably, possibly, maybe (大概;推测起来;可假定)
3170. presumption
pri'zʌmpʃən, pri:- 假定,推测;无理,傲慢
- presumption of innocence (无罪推定)
- She was enraged by his presumption. (她被他的放肆激怒了。)
- importance, theory, speculation, guess, projection (放肆,傲慢;推测)
3171. pretentious
pri'tenʃəs, pri:- 自负的,自命不凡的
- a pretentious film (矫饰的电影)
- affected, ambitious (自命不凡的;炫耀的;做作的)
3172. pretext
'pri:tekst 借口
-
on the pretext of (以...为借口)
-
find a pretext for (为…找口实)
- He’ll phone on some pretext or other. (他会以这样或那样的理由打电话的。)
- excuse, blind (借口;托辞)
3173. prevail
pri'veil, pri:- 流行,盛行
-
prevail over (胜过;占优势)
-
prevail on (说服,劝说)
-
prevail upon (说服;诱使)
-
prevail with (劝说;说服)
- A similar situation prevails in Canada. (同样的情况在加拿大也普遍存在。)
- obtain, win (盛行,流行;战胜,获胜)
3174. prevalent
'prevələnt 流行的,普遍的
- the prevalent belief in astrology (对占星术的普遍相信)
- popular, widespread, universal, fashionable, going (流行的;普遍的,广传的)
3175. previous
'pri:vjəs 先前的
-
previous year (前一年)
-
previous generation (前代;当代)
-
previous period (前期)
-
previous page (上一页,前一页;返回上一级菜单)
-
previous question ((国会议事程序中作为动议提出的)先决问题)
-
previous frame (上一帧;前一帧)
-
previous arrangement (前次安排)
- She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage. (她有个出自前一次婚姻的十几岁的女儿。)
-
ago, fore (以前的;早先的;过早的)
-
antecedently (在先;在…以前)
3176. pull
pul 拉,拖,拔
-
pull out (离开,撤离;拔出;渡过难关;恢复健康;折叠的大张插页;飞机进场重新飞起)
-
pull something on someone (在…方面欺骗某人)
-
pull down (摧毁,推翻;拉下来;使……下跌)
-
pull up (拔起;停下来;阻止)
-
pull together (齐心协力)
-
pull in (进站;吸入;提到警察局)
-
pull out of (退出;拉出,取出)
-
pull off (赢得;脱下;努力实现)
-
pull on (穿;戴;继续拉)
-
pull back (拉回;撤回;拉为平手;反悔)
-
pull through (渡过难关;恢复健康)
-
pull away (离开;脱身;拉掉)
-
pull it off (圆满完成)
-
pull over (把…开到路边;开到路边;靠岸)
-
push and pull (推与拉)
-
pull apart (撕开;扯断)
-
pull rod (拉杆;推杆)
-
pull at (vi. 用力拉;大口喝)
-
pull the trigger (开枪)
-
pull into ((车)进站)
- Mom! Davey’s pulling my hair! (妈妈! 戴维拽我的头发!)
-
draw, snake (拉;拔;拖)
-
draw (拉,拖;拔)
-
tension, digging rope (拉,拉绳;拉力,[交]牵引力;拖)
3177. pulp
pʌlp 果肉,木浆,纸浆
-
paper pulp (n. 纸浆)
-
wood pulp (木浆;木纤维;木质纸浆)
-
straw pulp (草纸浆)
-
kraft pulp (牛皮纸浆;硫酸盐纸浆)
-
dental pulp (牙髓)
-
pulp mill (纸浆厂)
-
mechanical pulp (机械纸浆;木(制纸)浆)
-
fruit pulp (果肉;果肉块;果泥)
-
white pulp (白髓)
-
pulp board (n. 浆板;纸浆板)
-
beet pulp (甜菜浆;甜菜粕)
-
pulp suspension (浆料悬浮液)
-
pulp chamber ([解]髓室)
-
pulp fiction (低俗小说(电影名称);黑色追缉令)
-
sand pulp (砂浆)
-
red pulp (脾髓;红髓)
- Halve the melon and scoop out the pulp. (把瓜切成两半,挖出瓜瓤。)
- sarcocarp (纸浆;[食品]果肉;黏浆状物质)
3178. pump
pʌmp 泵,抽水机vt&vi抽取;盘问;灌注
-
heat pump (热泵,蒸汽泵)
-
water pump (抽水机,水泵)
-
centrifugal pump (离心抽机,离心泵)
-
pump in (用泵吸入)
-
oil pump (油泵;机油泵;送油泵)
-
vacuum pump ([机]真空泵)
-
pump station (泵站)
-
screw pump (螺旋泵,螺杆泵)
-
hydraulic pump (液压泵,水力泵)
-
gear pump (齿轮泵)
-
submersible pump (潜水泵;水下泵)
-
jet pump (喷射泵,射流泵)
-
fuel pump (燃油泵)
-
injection pump (喷射泵,注射泵)
-
piston pump (活塞泵)
-
pump power (泵耗电力,泵浦功率;泵功率)
-
pump body (泵体)
-
air pump (气泵,抽气机)
-
pump unit (泵机组;泵设备)
-
pump efficiency (n. 泵效;泵效率;水泵效率)
- ...pumps that circulate the fuel around in the engine. (…使燃料在发动机内循环的压泵。)
-
pull for (打气;用抽水机抽…)
-
inflator ([机]泵,抽水机;打气筒)
3179. punctual
'pʌŋktjuəl, -tʃuəl 严守时刻的;准时的
-
She’s always very punctual for appointments. (她一向准时赴约。)
-
the punctual payment of invoices (准时结清费用清单)
- accurate, precise, mathematical, strict, rigid (准时的,守时的;精确的)
3180. puncture
'pʌŋktʃə 小孔,刺孔
-
lumbar puncture ([医]腰椎穿刺(等于spinal tap))
-
puncture needle (穿刺针)
-
puncture wound (刺伤,穿刺伤)
- She was cycling home when she had a puncture . (她骑车回家途中轮胎被扎破了。)
- break, cut through (刺穿;揭穿;削弱)
3181. pungent
刺鼻的,刺激性的
-
pungent odor (刺激气味)
-
pungent taste (刺激味;辛辣味)
- He expressed some fairly pungent criticisms. (他提出了一针见血的批评。)
- spicy, bitter (辛辣的;刺激性的;苦痛的;尖刻的)
3182. pupil
'pjupəl 瞳孔,瞳仁
-
exit pupil (出射光瞳;后透光孔)
-
pupil dilation (瞳孔扩张;瞳孔放大)
- The sick man's pupils were dilated. (病人的瞳孔放大了。)
- student, minor (学生;[解剖]瞳孔;未成年人)
3183. purge
pə:dʒ 净化,洗清
-
purge gas (净化气体;吹扫用的气体)
-
purge of (清洗,清除)
-
air purge (空气吹扫;空气净化)
-
gas purge (气体清洗;气体净化)
- Anorexics may overeat before purging themselves or vomiting. (厌食症患者会在暴饮暴食之后服用泻药或者把吃下去的东西呕吐出来。)
-
fine purification, purify (净化;通便)
-
cleanse, purify (净化;[机]清洗;通便)
-
purification, distillation (净化;泻药)
3184. purity
'pjuəriti 纯净;纯洁
-
high purity (高纯度)
-
optical purity (光学纯度)
-
the purity of tap water (自来水的纯净度)
-
{"COLLOINEXA":["spiritual purity"]} (心灵的纯洁)
- fineness, immaculacy ([化学]纯度;纯洁;纯净;纯粹)
3185. pursuit
pə'sju:t 追赶;追求;从事,消遣
-
in pursuit of (寻求,追求)
-
in hot pursuit (穷追不舍;紧随其后)
- The quarterback sprinted toward the end zone with Jansen in hot pursuit (= following closely behind ) . (那名四分卫快速冲向底线区,詹森穷追不舍。)
- profession, employment, career, calling, job (追赶,追求;职业,工作)
3186. put
put 放
-
put forward (v. 提出;拿出;放出;推举出)
-
put in (提出,提交;放入;种植;使就职)
-
put on (穿上;上演;增加;假装;使…上场)
-
put into (使进入;把...放进;在……上种植)
-
put up (提供;建造;举起;推举,提名;供给…住宿)
-
put together (..放在一起;组合;装配)
-
put out (熄灭;伸出;出版;使不方便,打扰)
-
put it on (夸张;要高价;[俚]装腔作势)
-
put forth (提出;发表;启航;(植物等)长出;放出)
-
put for (以……为目标前进)
-
put down (镇压;记下;贬低;制止)
-
put off (推迟;扔掉;阻止)
-
put into practice (实行,实施;落实)
-
put into operation (使生效;使运转,使开动)
-
put into production (把…投入生产)
-
put into use (使用,应用;投入使用)
-
put away (放好;抛弃;储存)
-
put up with (v. 忍受;容忍)
-
put emphasis on (重视,强调;把重点放在……)
-
put in place (到位;落实到位;正在实施)
-
He put the coffee on the table. (他把咖啡放在桌上。)
-
Where did you put the programmes? (你把节目单放在哪里了?)
-
set, establish, voice, gift, station (放;表达;移动;安置;赋予)
-
leave, set out (出发;击;航行;发芽)
-
simple, turkey (掷;笨蛋;投击;怪人)
3187. reclaim
ri'kleim 开垦,开拓;要求归还
- This land will be reclaimed for a new airport. (这块土地将被开发用来建新机场。)
-
exploit, carve out (开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改)
-
protest against sth, exclaim at (抗议,喊叫)
-
reconstruction, influence (改造,感化;再生胶)
3188. recline
ri'klain 斜倚,躺
- She proceeded to recline on a chaise longue. (她开始斜靠在一个躺椅上。)
-
build on, depend upon (靠;依赖;斜倚)
-
couch (使躺下;使斜倚)
3189. recommendation
,rekəmen'deiʃən 推荐,介绍;推荐信
-
letter of recommendation (保荐信,介绍信)
-
recommendation letter (推荐信)
-
on the recommendation of (通过…的推荐)
- Try to get letters of recommendation from bosses and colleagues. (设法得到老板和同事的推荐信。)
- suggestion, advice, proposal, instance (推荐;建议;推荐信)
3190. reconcile
'rekənsail 使和解;使复交;调解,调停
- reconcile with (与…和解)
- Jonah and his youngest son were, on the surface at least, reconciled. (乔纳和他小儿子和好了,至少表面上如此。)
- accord, unify (使一致;使和解;调停,调解;使顺从)
3191. recover
ri'kʌvə 重新找到;复原,痊愈
- recover from (恢复;恢复知觉)
-
It was some hours before she recovered consciousness . (过了几个小时她才恢复知觉。)
-
Once she stumbled, but somehow she recovered her balance and carried on running. (她绊了一下,但还是找回平衡,继续向前跑去。)
-
restore, repair, offset, resume (恢复;弥补;重新获得)
-
restore, unsave (恢复;胜诉;重新得球)
3192. recruit
ri'kru:t 招募,吸收
-
We’re having difficulty recruiting enough qualified staff. (我们难以招聘到足够的合格职员。)
-
Many government officials were recruited from private industry. (很多政府官员是从私营企业招募来的。)
-
hands wanted, big john (招聘;新兵;新成员)
-
supply, to replenish (补充;聘用;征募;使…恢复健康)
-
be cured of, pull round (复原;征募新兵;得到补充;恢复健康)
3193. rectangle
'rek,tæŋɡl 矩形,长方形
- rectangle tool (矩形工具)
- Suppose the width of a rectangle is x metres. (设长方形的宽是 x 米。)
- orthogon ([数]矩形;长方形)
3194. rectify
'rektifai 纠正;矫正
- I did my best to rectify the situation, but the damage was already done. (我竭尽全力去挽回局面,但损害已经造成了。)
- correct, straighten up (改正;精馏;整流)
3195. recycle
,ri:'saikl 使再循环;回收利用
-
recycle bin (回收站;资源回收筒)
-
recycle gas (回注气,循环气)
-
We take all our bottles to be recycled. (我们把我们所有的瓶子都回收利用。)
-
packaging made of recycled paper (再生纸包装材料)
- regeneration, breeding, rebirth (再生;再循环;重复利用)
3196. redeem
ri'di:m 买回,赎回;补偿;补救
- Olivier’s performance redeemed an otherwise second-rate play. (奥利维尔的表演补救了一出本是二流水平的戏。)
- fulfill, turn, restore, pay, repair (赎回;挽回;兑换;履行;补偿;恢复)
3197. redundant
ri'dʌndənt 多余的,过剩的
-
redundant information (冗余信息)
-
redundant system ([计]冗余系统)
-
redundant code (冗余码)
- the removal of redundant information (多余信息的删除)
- spare, unnecessary, surplus, waste, superfluous ([计]多余的,过剩的;被解雇的,失业的;冗长的,累赘的)
3198. reel
ri:l, riəl 卷,轴;(胶片)一盘
ri:l, riəl 卷
-
reel in (卷;绕)
-
hose reel (软管卷盘)
-
reel off (流畅地讲;抽出;一口气说)
-
off the reel (不停地,立即;滔滔不绝地)
-
tape reel (带卷,带盘)
- the final reel (影片结尾部分)
-
roll, swim (卷;眩晕;蹒跚地走;退缩)
-
roll, turn (卷;使旋转)
-
revolution, rotation, rolling, turning (蹒跚;眩晕;旋转)
3199. reference
'refərəns 证明;出处;参照
-
for reference (以供参考;备案)
-
with reference to (关于(等于in reference to))
-
reference value (参考值;标准值;参照值)
-
in reference to (关于)
-
for your reference (供您参考;供你方参考)
-
reference service (咨询服务;查阅服务)
-
by reference (通过引用)
-
reference model (参考模型)
-
reference data (参考数据;参照资料)
-
without reference to (不管;与…无关;没有提及)
-
reference material (参考资料;参考材料)
-
reference frame (参考系,参考坐标系)
-
reference point (参考点;控制点)
-
reference book (参考书;工具书)
-
frame of reference ([物]参照系;[数]坐标;参照标准)
-
reference system ([化]参考系)
-
future reference (备查)
-
terms of reference (受权调查范围)
-
make reference (参考;访问;查找;提及)
-
reference room (资料室;参考资料室;参考书阅览室)
- a list of towns, each with a map reference (一份城镇清单,每个城镇都有地图参照号)
-
involved in, mention (参考,参照;涉及,提及;参考书目;介绍信;证明书)
-
quote (引用)
-
cite (引用)