4000_TOEFL词汇
4000. chapel
'tʃæpəl 小教堂
-
sistine chapel ((罗马梵蒂冈的)西斯廷教堂)
-
chapel hill (教堂山(美国一小镇))
- Bethan goes to chapel every Sunday. (贝唐每个星期天都去教堂做礼拜。)
- church, exercise, worship (小礼拜堂,[建]小教堂;礼拜)
4001. tenement
'tenimənt 公寓
- ...streets of low-cost tenements. (…低成本旧式公寓街。)
- housing, whare (房屋;住户,租户;租房子)
4002. daguerreotype
də'ɡerəutaip (早期)银板照相
- Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (November 18, 1787 � July 10, 1851) was a French artist and chemist, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography. (路易·雅克·曼德·达盖尔(1787年11月18日——1851年7月1日)是法国美术家和化学家,因发明银版照相法而闻名。)
4003. staple
'steipl 订 a主要的
-
staple food (主食;主粮)
-
staple fiber (纺纱用的人造短纤维)
-
staple fibre (人造短纤维)
-
staple market (主要市场)
-
staple length (纤维长度;纤维定长;手扯长度)
-
long staple (长纤维;长绒棉纤维;毛系短纤维)
-
staple diet (主食)
-
rayon staple (粘胶短纤维)
-
topic, theme, subject, main products ([贸易]主要产品;[轻]订书钉;主题)
-
primary, major, central, main, leading (主要的,大宗生产的;常用的;纺织纤维的)
-
pin up, nail up (把…分级;钉住)
4004. fatty
'fæti 脂肪的
-
fatty acid ([化]脂肪酸)
-
fatty liver ([医]脂肪肝)
-
fatty alcohol (脂肪醇;脂肪族醇;高级醇)
-
unsaturated fatty acid (不饱和脂肪酸)
-
fatty acid ester (脂肪酸酯)
-
fatty oil (脂肪油;脂油)
-
free fatty acid (游离脂肪酸;自由脂肪酸)
-
saturated fatty acid (饱和脂肪酸,去油)
-
fatty tissue (脂肪组织)
-
fatty amine (脂肪胺;脂肪族胺)
-
fatty degeneration (脂肪变性)
-
essential fatty acid (必需脂肪酸)
-
volatile fatty acid (挥发性脂肪酸)
-
higher fatty acid ([化]高级脂肪酸)
-
fatty substance (脂肪物质,脂肪性物质)
-
sucrose fatty acid ester (蔗糖脂肪酸酯)
-
fatty acid oxidation (脂肪酸氧化)
- fatty foods (高脂食品)
-
round, obese (脂肪的;肥胖的;多脂肪的;脂肪过多的)
-
fatso, crisco (胖子)
4005. mainland
'meinlənd 大陆
-
mainland china (中国大陆;中国内地)
-
chinese mainland (中国大陆)
- flights between a Greek island and the mainland (希腊一海岛和本土之间的航班)
-
continent, landmass ([地理]大陆;本土)
-
continental, indigenous ([地理]大陆的;本土的)
4006. disrupt
dis'rʌpt 使中断,扰乱
-
Traffic was disrupted by a hoax bomb. (有人虚报有炸弹,造成了交通混乱。)
-
Climate change could disrupt the agricultural economy. (气候变化可能给农业经济带来不良影响。)
-
destroy, tear, undermine, founder (破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱)
-
divided, scattered (分裂的,中断的;分散的)
4007. rend
rend 撕裂,猛拉
- rip up, tear to pieces (撕碎;分裂;强夺)
4008. maser
'meizər 微波激射器
-
His discoveries, which won him the Nobel prize, led to the caesium atomic clock and the hydrogen maser. (这一获得诺贝尔奖的发现产生了铯原子钟和氢微波激射器。)
-
Additional test results also indicate that the new hydrogen maser atomic clock onboard GIOVE-B is working correctly. (此外,测试结果还表明GIOVE-B携带的氢微波激射器原子钟运转良好。)
4009. spinal
'spainəl 脊椎骨
'spainəl 脊髓麻醉
-
spinal cord (脊髓)
-
spinal cord injury (脊髓受伤,脊椎损伤)
-
spinal column ([解]脊柱)
-
spinal canal ([解]椎管;脊管)
-
spinal nerve (脊神经;脊髓神经)
-
spinal fusion (脊柱融合术;脊柱制动术)
-
spinal fluid (脊髓液)
-
spinal anesthesia (脊髓麻醉;脊髓性感觉缺失)
- spinal injuries (脊柱损伤)
- rachial, medullary (脊髓的;脊柱的;针的;脊骨的;尖刺的)
4010. clockwise
'klɔkwaiz / a顺时针方向地(的)
-
clockwise rotation (顺时针转)
-
clockwise direction (顺时针方向)
-
counter clockwise (逆时针方向)
- Screw the lid on clockwise. (按顺时针方向拧紧盖子。)
- deasil (顺时针方向地)
4011. generic
dʒi'nerik 种类的,类属的
-
generic term (通用术语;地理通名)
-
generic type (类属型)
-
generic name (属名;总名称;通用名称)
-
generic algorithm (n. 泛型算法;通用算法)
-
generic drug (学名药;通用名药;副厂药)
-
generic programming (泛型编程;范型程序设计)
-
With this generic list node structure, you can now define lists and list operations that work regardless of the type of data stored in them. (使用这个通用的列表节点结构,您现在可以定义列表和不需要考虑存储在列表中的数据类型的列表操作。)
-
If your client code needs this kind of specific functionality, then this generic layer is not enough -- at least as it has been described so far. (如果您的客户机代码需要这种特定的功能,那么这个一般层是不够的 ― 至少从迄今对它描述来看是不够的。)
- common, prevailing (类的;一般的;属的;非商标的)
4012. resin
'rezin 树脂 vt涂树脂于
-
epoxy resin ([化]环氧树脂)
-
phenolic resin ([化]酚醛树脂;[医]酚树脂)
-
acrylic resin (丙烯酸树脂;压克力树脂)
-
polyester resin ([化]聚酯树脂)
-
ion exchange resin (离子交换树脂(多孔合成树脂的总称))
-
alkyd resin (聚酯树脂,醇酸树脂)
-
unsaturated polyester resin (不饱和聚酯树脂)
-
synthetic resin (合成树脂,人造树脂)
-
resin adhesive (树脂型胶粘剂,树脂胶)
-
pvc resin (聚氯乙烯树脂)
-
cation exchange resin (阳离子交换树脂)
-
furan resin (呋喃树脂)
-
macroporous resin ([材料]大孔树脂)
-
petroleum resin (石油树脂)
-
abs resin (ABS树脂)
-
silicone resin (硅树脂;硅酮树脂)
-
polyamide resin ([建]聚酰氨树脂)
-
amino resin (氨基树脂)
-
thermosetting resin (热固树胶)
-
resin content (树脂含量)
- ...a tropical tree that is bled regularly for its resin. (…定期被采割树脂的一棵热带树。)
-
colophony, pitch ([树脂]树脂;松香)
-
roset ([树脂]涂树脂;用树脂处理)
4013. backward
'bækwəd 向后的, 落后的
-
backward area (落后地区)
-
step backward (倒退;返回;逐帧倒放)
-
backward country (经济落后国家)
-
backward extrusion (反挤压;反向挤压;逆向挤制)
-
backward compatibility (向后兼容;反向兼容性)
-
backward position (反转位置,回程位置)
-
backward integration (向后整合)
-
backward movement (反向运动)
-
backward wave oscillator (逆波振荡器)
-
backward somersault (倒毛跟斗;倒筋斗跳;后空翻)
-
The backward place has changed into an industrial centre. (那落后的地方变成了工业中心。)
-
Browse diagrams keep a history of the views it displays so that you can navigate forward and backward from each view. (浏览图可以保持它所显示视图的历史记录,因此您可以从任何一个视图向前或者向后导航。)
-
retarded, inverted (向后的;反向的;发展迟缓的)
-
contrary, counter (向后地;相反地)
4014. carving
'kɑ:viŋ 雕刻(品)
-
stone carving (石雕;石刻)
-
wood carving (木雕;木刻)
-
jade carving (玉雕)
-
carving machine (雕刻机)
-
root carving (根雕)
-
shell carving (贝雕)
-
carving knife (切肉用的餐刀,切肉刀;雕刻刀)
-
carving stone (雕刻石)
-
ice carving (n. 冰雕)
- ...a wood carving of a human hand. (…一尊人手木雕。)
-
sculpture, engraving ([轻]雕刻;雕刻品;雕刻术)
-
sculpting ([轻]雕刻(carve的ing形式))
4015. frown
fraun / n皱眉,蹙额
-
frown on (不悦,不满)
-
frown at (对…感到生气不满;对…皱眉)
-
frown upon (不悦;皱眉;不赞成)
- She frowned as she read the letter. (她看着信皱起了眉头。)
-
disagree with, to disapprove of (皱眉;不同意)
-
mowe (皱眉,蹙额)
4016. feasible
'fi:zəbl 可行的
-
feasible solution (可行解释;适宜解)
-
feasible region ([化]可行域;[计]可行区域;[经]可行性区域)
-
economically feasible (经济上可行的,经济上合算)
- a feasible solution (可行的解决方法)
- possible, working, potential, viable (可行的;可能的;可实行的)
4017. distrust
di'strʌst 不信任,怀疑
- Local people regard the police with suspicion and distrust. (当地人对警察持怀疑、不信任的态度。)
-
mistrust (不信任)
-
nonconfidence (不信任)
4018. incredible
in'kredəbl 不可信的;不可思议的
-
It’s incredible that he survived the fall. (他跌下去竟然能够生还,真不可思议。)
-
It’s incredible how much Tom has changed since he met Sally. (自从遇见萨莉后,汤姆的变化之大简直令人难以置信。)
-
I find it almost incredible that no one noticed these errors. (没人发现这些错误,真让我无法相信。)
- tremendous, unbelievable, spectacular, fabulous (难以置信的,惊人的)
4019. smother
'smʌðə 窒息
- A teenage mother was accused of smothering her 3-month-old daughter. (一个少女妈妈被指控闷死自己三个月大的女儿。)
-
control, stay, restrain, resist (使窒息;抑制;(用灰等)闷熄;忍住)
-
choke (窒息;被抑制;闷死)
-
asphyxiant (窒息状态;令人窒息的浓烟)
4020. stain
stein 污点v染污
-
stain resistance (抗着色污染;防沾污性)
-
oil stain (油渍;油斑;油性着色剂)
-
gram stain (革兰氏染色剂)
-
blue stain ([生物学]蓝着色;蓝变)
-
wood stain (木材着色剂)
-
blood stain (血痕)
-
black stain (黑色颜料)
- Remove stains by soaking in a mild solution of bleach. (用温和的漂白溶液浸泡以去除污渍。)
-
poison, pollute (沾污;败坏;给…着色)
-
tainture, jaup (污点;瑕疵;[试剂][生物]着色剂)
4021. cavern
'kævən 洞穴,大山洞
- And the Hare said to him, 'The piece of red gold that thou seekest is in the cavern that is behind thee. (小野兔告诉他说:“你所寻找的那块红色的金子就在你身后的大洞穴里。)
-
recession, cavity, hole ([地质]洞穴;凹处)
-
hollow out (挖空;置…于洞穴中)
4022. minuscule
'minəskju:l, mi'nʌs- 草写小字(的)
- itty-bitty, teeny (极小的;用草写小字写的)
4023. envelop
in'veləp, 'envələup 包封, 遮盖
- the enveloping darkness (笼罩四周的黑暗)
-
case, invest (包围;包封;遮盖)
-
package, parcel (信封;包裹)
4024. fortunately
'fɔitʃənitli 幸运地,幸亏
- Fortunately, everything worked out all right in the end. (幸运的是,最后一切顺利。)
- happily, luckily (幸运地)
4025. dormant
'dɔ:mənt 冬眠的
-
dormant volcano (休眠火山;睡火山,休火山)
-
dormant period (潜伏期,垫伏期)
- a huge dormant volcano (一座巨大的休眠火山)
- still, resting (休眠的;静止的;睡眠状态的;隐匿的)
4026. coppersmith
'kɔpəsmiθ 铜匠
-
The pawnshop had sold the plates of his Flora after the expiration of thirteen months. Some coppersmith had made stewpans of them. (那当铺,过了十三个月,便把他那套《植物图说》的铜版全卖了,几个铜匠拿去做了些平底锅。)
-
While he still went out, he had purchased of a coppersmith, for a few sous, a little copper crucifix which he had hung up on a nail opposite his bed. (当他还能上街时,他从锅匠那儿用几个苏买到一个小的铜十字架,挂在床前钉子上。)
- brazier (铜匠;铜器制造人)
4027. intrinsic
in'trinsik,-kəl 内在的, 固有的
-
intrinsic value (内在规定)
-
intrinsic viscosity (特性粘度;固有粘度;本征粘度)
-
intrinsic quality (内在质量)
-
intrinsic motivation (内在动机;内在激励)
-
intrinsic safety (内在安全,本质安全)
-
intrinsic property (本征性质,固有特性)
-
intrinsic factor (内在因素;[医](造血)内因子)
-
intrinsic activity ([化]固有活性;内在活性)
-
intrinsic function (内部函数;内在函数;固有功能)
- the intrinsic interest of the subject (该话题本身的趣味)
- essential, inherent, interior, constitutional ([物][生物]本质的,固有的)
4028. portability
,pɔ:tə'biləti, pəu- 可携带, 轻便
- transportability, handiness ([计]可移植性;轻便;可携带性)
4029. pest
pest 害虫
-
pest control (害虫防治)
-
pest management (病虫害控制;病虫害治理;有害生物管理)
-
insect pest (害虫)
- a chemical used in pest control (用于防治虫害的一种化学品)
- verm, injurious insect (害虫;[植保]有害之物;讨厌的人)
4030. potato
pə'teitəu 马铃薯
-
sweet potato (甘薯)
-
potato starch (马铃薯淀粉;生粉;太白粉(台湾叫法))
-
sweet potato starch (甘薯淀粉;蕃薯粉;地瓜粉)
-
couch potato (成天躺著或坐在沙发上看电视的人;极为懒惰的人)
-
hot potato ([口]烫手山芋(喻指棘手的问题);(英)烤土豆)
-
small potato (小人物,小喽罗;小角色)
-
mashed potato (马铃薯泥,洋芋泥)
-
baked potato (烤马铃薯;烘马铃薯)
-
potato salad (马铃薯沙拉;土豆沙拉;薯仔沙律)
-
potato chip (n. 炸土豆片)
-
big potato (大土豆,大人物)
-
irish potato (白马铃薯)
-
potato harvester (n. 马铃薯收割机)
- Marie stood at the sink, peeling potatoes (= cutting off the skin ) . (玛丽站在洗涤槽边削土豆皮。)
- murphy, tater (土豆,[作物]马铃薯)
4031. clarify
'klærifai 澄清, 阐明
- Reporters asked him to clarify his position (= say exactly what his beliefs are ) on welfare reform. (记者们要求他阐明他在福利改革问题上的立场。)
- illustrate, elucidate (澄清;阐明)
4032. extermination
ik,stə:mi'neiʃən 消灭, 根绝
-
The following is a list of roach extermination techniques using simple tools. (下面列出了一系列使用简单工具的小强消灭术。)
-
Heydrich chaired the 1942 Wannsee Conference, which discussed plans for the deportation and extermination of all Jews in German occupied territory, thus being the mastermind of the holocaust. (海德里希主持了1942万湖会议,会议讨论了所有德国杯占领土地的犹太人的驱逐和灭绝犹太人计划,因此成为了大屠杀的主谋。)
-
He added the president could also face five counts of crimes against humanity, including murder, extermination, forcible transfer of the population, torture and rape. (他还说,巴希尔可能还面临另外五项反人类罪的指控,包括谋杀、灭绝、强迫人口迁徙、酷刑和强奸。)
- extinction, eradication (消灭;根绝)
4033. suburbanization
sə,bə:bənai'zeiʃən, ni'z- 市郊化
-
Like many of New York’s mass suburbanization efforts, such creatures are better in theory than in practice. (如同纽约大规模郊区化的众多尝试一样,这些生物最好还是呆在字面上,不要跑出来吓人。)
-
Thus the increase in childhood obesity is probably due mainly to the suburbanization of America and the associated decrease in the opportunities children have for exercise. (因此儿童肥胖症的增加可能主要是由于美国城市郊区化以及相应的儿童锻炼机会的减少造成的。)
-
With the development of suburbanization, the problem will become increasingly evident. (随着郊区化的发展,这个问题将变得日益明显。)
4034. succulent
'sʌkjulənt 多汁的
- a succulent steak (美味多汁的牛排)
- juicy (多汁的;多水分的;多汁性的)
4035. medal
'medəl 奖牌,奖章
-
gold medal (金牌;金质奖章)
-
silver medal (银质奖章;银牌奖)
-
bronze medal (铜牌;铜质奖章)
-
medal of honor (荣誉勋章)
-
congressional medal of honor (国会荣誉勋章)
-
medal tally (奖牌总数)
-
medal of freedom (自由勋章(美国授予有杰出成就公民的最高奖赏))
-
presidential medal of freedom (总统自由勋章)
-
She won a gold medal at the last Olympics. (她在上届奥运会上赢得一枚金牌。)
-
The two boys were awarded medals for their bravery. (这两个男孩因勇敢而获得勋章。)
- decoration, gong (勋章,[劳经]奖章;纪念章)
4036. micron
'maikrɔn 微米,百万分之一米
-
For example, if you say that something is "a few microns across", explain that a micron is one-millionth of a metre, and "about one hundredth the width of a human hair". (例如,如果您说某事物只有几微米,那么就要解释一微米是百万分之一米,大约是人头发宽度的百分之一。)
-
One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. (一微米等于千分之一毫米。 针头直径大约一毫米。)
- mu, mikron (微米(等于百万分之一米))
4037. publicize
'pʌblisaiz 宣传
- television’s failure to publicize the unemployment issue (电视未能报道失业问题)
- post, give publicity to (宣传;公布)
4038. spout
spaut 喷出
-
up the spout (无可挽回;在典押中;在困难中)
-
down spout (下水管;雨落管;水落管;出渣槽)
- He replaced the boiler when the last one began to spout flames. (原来的锅炉开始喷射火焰之后他便更换了一个。)
-
bocca, ejector nozzle (喷口;水龙卷;水落管;水柱)
-
belch out, spit up (喷出;喷射;滔滔不绝地讲;把…典当掉)
-
belch out, to spray (喷出;喷射;滔滔不绝地讲)
4039. catastrophic
悲惨的, 灾难的
- catastrophic failure (突变失效;灾难性故障)
-
A tidal wave caused by the earthquake hit the coast causing catastrophic damage. (地震引发的海啸袭击了海岸,造成了灾难性的损失。)
-
The water shortage in this country is potentially catastrophic. (该国水资源的匮乏很可能是灾难性的。)
- miserable, calamitous (灾难的;悲惨的)
4040. sensory
'sensəri 知觉的, 感觉的
-
sensory evaluation (感官品评,感官评价)
-
sensory quality (感官品质;感觉性质)
-
sensory nerve ([医]感觉神经)
-
sensory information (感觉信息;敏感元件信息)
-
sensory perception (n. 感官知觉)
-
sensory organ (感觉器官;感觉器官;感觉瀑)
-
sensory test (灵敏度试验;感官检查)
-
sensory system (感觉系统;敏感度系统)
-
sensory nerve ending (感觉神经末梢)
-
sensory stimuli such as music (音乐等的感官刺激)
-
sensory deprivation (感觉丧失)
- perceptual, esthetic ([生理]感觉的;知觉的;传递感觉的)
4041. fodder
'fɔdə 饲料, 草料
- cannon fodder (n. 炮灰)
- ...fodder for horses. (…马的饲料。)
- feed, forage (饲料;素材)
4042. photoflash
'fəutə,flæʃ (照相)闪光灯
-
Seven years later, through his work with Harold Eugene Edgerton of MIT, he made several photographic experiences of capturing sequences of actions using photoflash to immobilize the scene. (7年以后,通过与麻省理工学院 Harold Eugene Edgerton的合作,他进行了几次摄影的尝试,捕捉一系列运动的场景通过闪光灯来使画面固定。)
-
For photoflash , lug type, low loss factor and low leakage current. (闪光灯用产品,具有低损耗,低漏电等特点。)
-
For photoflash , lead wire type, small size, Low loss factor, high stability. (闪光灯用引线式产品,体积小,损耗小,性能稳定。)
- strobe light, flashing lamp (闪光灯;闪光)
4043. substantiated
证实, 实体化
- There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims. (几乎没有能证实这些断言的科学证据。)
- proven, certified (证明;充实(substantiate的过去分词);使具体化)
4044. cramp
kræmp 痉挛
kræmp 限制,束缚
-
Several players were suffering from cramp. (有几名球员抽筋了。)
-
muscle cramps (肌肉痉挛)
-
fit, spasm (痉挛,绞痛;[五金][机]铁夹钳)
-
chain, block (束缚,限制;使…抽筋;以铁箍扣紧)
-
narrow, restricted, mysterious, confined, strait (狭窄的;难解的;受限制的)
4045. reversal
ri'və:səl 翻转, 倒转, 反转
-
time reversal (时间反转;时间反演)
-
reversal valve (换向阀;可逆阀)
-
flow reversal (倒流)
-
polarity reversal (反极性;极性变换;极性倒转)
-
phase reversal (反相;倒相;相序逆转)
-
reversal of fortune (命运的逆转)
-
reversal process (反转成象法;反转法;反逆制版法)
-
Some Internet firms have suffered a painful reversal of fortune (= they were successful but now they are not ) . (一些网络公司遭逢厄运。)
-
Some carers and dependants find it difficult to adapt to a role reversal . (有些照料者和被照料者觉得难以适应角色对换。)
- counterturn, changeover (逆转;[摄]反转;[法]撤销)
4046. psychologically
,psaikə'lɔdʒikəli 精神上地, 心理上地
- "Simply being on antipsychotic medications could not have brought about such acceptance, " she stressed. "And this acceptance set me free psychologically. (“单纯的服用抗精神病药物不能诱使这种接受态度,”她强调“这种接受让我心理上释放了。)
4047. virtuosity
,və:tju'ɔsəti 艺术鉴别力
- At that time, his virtuosity on the trumpet had no parallel in jazz. (那时,他高超的小号吹奏技巧在爵士乐界无人能比。)
4048. leafy
'li:fi 叶状的;叶茂的
- leafy green vegetables such as spinach (菠菜之类的绿叶蔬菜)
- frondose, leavy (多叶的;叶状的;叶茂盛的)
4049. perishable
'periʃəbl 容易腐烂的
-
perishable goods (易腐货物;易损物品)
-
perishable food (容易腐坏的食品;易腐食品)
- perishable goods such as butter, milk, fruit and fish (黄油、牛奶、水果和鱼等易变质的商品)
4050. retract
ri'trækt 缩回, 撤销
- He confessed to the murder but later retracted his statement. (他承认谋杀,但后来又翻供了。)
-
recall, abolish (缩回;缩进;取消)
-
repeal rescission, take back (缩回;缩进;撤消)
4051. Israel
'izreiəl [地名] 以色列
- children of israel (n. 以色列人)
-
Our only problem is with Israel. (我们的问题只是以色列。)
-
Jack dehorts me from visiting Israel. (杰克劝阻我出访以色列。)
-
Why have you spelled Israel like this? (为什么你把以色列这么拼?)
4052. retrieval
ri'tri:vəl 取回,补偿
-
information retrieval (信息检索;情报检索)
-
retrieval system (检索系统;挽回系统)
-
document retrieval ([计]文档检索)
-
data retrieval (数据检索;资料检索;资料信息)
- ...electronic storage and retrieval systems. (…电子存储和读取系统。)
- recovery, restoration, renewal, salvation (检索;恢复;取回;拯救)
4053. insist
in'sist 坚持, 强调
-
insist on (坚持,坚决要求;督促,强调)
-
insist upon (坚持…)
- Stay for supper – I insist! (留下来吃晚餐——一定的!)
-
emphasize, stay, tough, stress, highlight (坚持,强调)
-
stay, stand on (坚持,强调)
4054. inject
in'dʒekt 注射, 注入
- His son was injected with strong drugs. (他的儿子被注射了强效的药。)
- breathe into, inflood (注入;注射)
4055. domelike
'dəumlaik 穹顶状的
-
A domelike gunner's enclosure projecting from the fuselage of a combat aircraft. (战斗机上圆顶形的封闭式结构,炮手的位置,从飞机机身上突出。)
-
Objective To discuss the clinical effects of multiple segmental domelike decompression of the lumbar vertebral canal. (目的探讨多节段穹顶形开窗减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。)
-
To describe the clinical application of domelike decompression of the lumbar vertebral canal and evaluate the outcomes. (介绍穹顶形开窗减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床应用,并进行临床疗效评估及生物力学研究。)
4056. savannah
sə'vænə (南美)大草原
- Only 60 years ago, the land around Moyale was savannah with plenty of grass, big trees and elephants, lions and rhino. (仅仅60年前,莫耶尔周围是一片有丰沛的草、树木、大象、狮子和犀牛的大草原。)
- prairie, steppe (大草原,热带草原(等于savanna))
4057. snake
sneik 蛇
-
snake venom (蛇毒)
-
snake charmer (玩蛇人;耍蛇者)
-
green snake (青蛇)
-
black snake (黑蛇;乌鞘梢蛇;长鞭子)
-
snake eyes (n. [美俚](掷骰子的)两点)
-
sea snake (n. [动](印度洋,西太平洋热带海域的)海蛇)
- A snake slithered across our path. (一条蛇蜿蜒爬过我们的小路。)
-
serpent, rat-face ([脊椎]蛇;阴险的人)
-
wind one's way (迂回前进)
-
pull, draw (拉(木材等);迂回前进)
4058. pour
pɔ: 灌,注,倾泻
-
pour out (v. 倾吐;诉说)
-
pour into (川流不息地涌入)
-
pouring rain (瓢泼大雨;倾盆大雨)
-
pour point ([化]倾点,流点;[化]流动点,浇注点;零)
-
pour in (大量地涌入,倾倒;蜂拥而来)
-
pour cold water on (泼冷水,使(人)沮丧,让(人)扫兴)
-
in the pouring rain (在倾盆大雨之下)
-
pour it on ([美国英语])
-
pour water (倒水)
-
pour point depressant (倾点下降剂)
-
pour over (灌浇)
-
pour down ((雨)倾盆而下)
-
pour out your heart (倾吐你的心事)
- She poured coffee for everyone. (她为每个人都倒了咖啡。)
-
issue, flux, dumping (倾泻;流出;骤雨)
-
shed (灌,注;倒;倾泻;倾吐)
-
flow (倾泻;涌流;斟茶)
4059. navigator
'næviɡeitə 航海家
- netscape navigator (网景领航员(浏览器名称))
- That first citation is from 1557 and comes to us from a great navigator and map maker of the time. (这第一条引证出自1557年,而且它还将一位当时伟大的航海家和地理绘图者带入我们的视野。)
- driver, pilot (航海家;[航][水运]领航员;驾驶员)
4060. vacuum
'vækjuəm 真空
-
vacuum pump ([机]真空泵)
-
in a vacuum (似在真空中)
-
high vacuum (高度真空,高真空)
-
vacuum distillation (真空蒸馏)
-
vacuum cleaner (吸尘器;真空吸尘器;真空清洁器)
-
vacuum system (真空系统)
-
vacuum degree (真空度)
-
vacuum drying (真空干燥)
-
vacuum packaging (真空包装)
-
vacuum furnace (真空炉;退火炉)
-
vacuum filter (真空滤器)
-
vacuum tube (真空管;电子管)
-
vacuum packing (真空包装)
-
vacuum circuit breaker (真空断路器)
-
vacuum equipment (真空设备)
-
vacuum chamber (真空室;压力室)
-
vacuum evaporation (真空蒸发;真空蒸镀;真空涂膜)
-
vacuum heat treatment (真空热处理;化学热处理)
-
vacuum interrupter (真空断续器;真空隔离开关)
-
vacuum forming (真空成型)
- His presence should fill the power vacuum that has been developing over the past few days. (他的出现应该能填补过去几天中形成的权力空缺。)
- room, gamma space ([真空]真空;空间;真空吸尘器)
4061. elliot
eli'ɔt 埃利奥特(男子名)
4062. perry
'peri 梨子酒
4063. liter
'li:tə 公升
-
So this is moles per liter per second, right? It's disappearance of some concentration for time. (所以这里的单位是摩尔每升每秒,对吗?这代表浓度随着时间的减少。)
-
Containers must be placed and well-sealed in one transparent plastic bag with a press-seal, of a maximum capacity of one liter (quart). (这些东西必须被密封放置在一个有冲压密封圈的,最大容量为一公升(一夸脱)的透明塑料袋中。)
-
Inhabitants there sip large quantities of hot black tea - typically drinking more than a liter (1.8 pints) per day per person - but also have a low incidence of tobacco and alcohol use. (在那里的居民饮用大量的热的黑茶,通常可以每个人每天喝超过一升(1.8品脱)的量,同时他们也会偶尔使用烟草和酒精。)
- litre ([计量]公升(容量单位))
4064. arthropod
'ɑ:θrəpɔd 节肢动物(的)
-
The Japanese Spider Crab is the biggest arthropod on Earth--their legs are believed to grow up to 12 feet long. (日本的蟹型蜘蛛是地球上最大的节肢动物,它们的腿被认为能够长到12英尺长。)
-
We were hoping that was just a tiny trash can but, no, it's a coconut crab, which is the biggest arthropod that lives on land. (我们本以为这是一个小小的垃圾桶,但是不,这是只椰子蟹,该物种是陆地上最大的节肢动物。)
-
“Charlotte’s Web.” The story of the spider who saves her friend, the pig, is the kindest representation of an arthropod in literary history. (《夏洛特的网》讲述了一只蜘蛛拯救她的猪朋友的故事,蜘蛛夏洛特成为文学史上最善良的节肢动物的代表。)
4065. airflow
'εəfləu 气流
- airflow rate (气流速率;空气流量;气流速度)
-
This airflow pushes waste toward the bottom of the toilet, drawing it into a bag, holding solid waste, but letting the air through. (这样一来,排泄物会被气流抽到马桶底部的一个袋中,固体部分被收集起来,空气则被过滤掉。)
-
Although the new model better illustrates how spiders "fly," there is still room for refinement, and the team plans to observe spiders in turbulent airflow inside wind tunnels to improve the model. (尽管新模式能更好地解释蜘蛛为何能“飞”,这里仍存在完善的空间。研究小组计划通过观察处于风道中强气流�的蜘蛛进一步改进这一模式。)
-
airstream, slipstream (气流(尤指飞机等产生的);[流]空气的流动)
-
faired, clipper-built (让空气自由流动的;气流产生的;流线型的)
4066. departure
di'pɑ:tʃə 启程, 出发
-
departure from (离开;违反,违背)
-
point of departure (出发地)
-
departure time (出发时间;撤离时刻;起飞时刻)
-
departure date (启程日期;离开日期)
-
departure point (出发点;起程点;起航点)
-
a new departure (新政策;新方针;新发展)
-
departure lounge (候机室;启程处)
-
port of departure (启运港;出发港)
-
angle of departure (发射角;起飞角,离去角)
-
departure gate (登机口)
-
airport of departure (始发站;始发站机场;启运机场)
- There are several departures for New York every day. (每天有好几个班次去纽约。)
- leaving, starting, violation, breach, quit (离开;出发;违背)
4067. momentum
məu'mentəm 动力, 势头
-
angular momentum ([化]角动量)
-
momentum equation (动量方程)
-
momentum conservation (动量守恒)
-
momentum transfer (动量传递;动量交换)
-
conservation of momentum (动量守恒;动量不变原理)
-
momentum flux (动量通量)
-
linear momentum (线动量;线动量陀螺仪)
-
gain momentum (发展加快;势头增大)
-
orbital angular momentum (轨道角动量)
-
momentum balance (动量平衡)
-
momentum theory (动量理论)
-
moment of momentum (动量矩;角动量)
-
momentum integral (动量积分)
-
momentum coefficient (动量系数)
-
incentives to maintain the momentum of European integration (保持欧洲一体化发展势头的激励措施)
-
Governments often lose momentum in their second term of office. (政府往往会在第二届任期中丧失冲劲。)
- impetus, quantity of motion (势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力)
4068. spearhead
'spiəhed 充当先锋
- the troops who spearheaded the rescue mission (在救援任务中充当先锋的部队)
-
vanguard, pioneer (矛头;先锋;先锋部队)
-
take a lead, tape head (带头;做先锋)
4069. unjust
,ʌn'dʒʌst 不公平的
- unjust enrichment (不正当得利)
- unjust laws (不公正的法律)
- partial, unfair, inequitable (不公平的,不公正的;非正义的)
4070. industrialism
in'dʌstriəlizəm 产业主义,工业制度
- Coal consumption in Manchester was measured in millions of tonnes, and its smoke became, as Lewis Mumford remarked, "the very incense of the new industrialism". (估计曼彻斯特消耗了数百万吨的煤炭,引用路易斯·芒福德的话说,这个城市上空飘着的烟“就是新工业主义的香气”。)
4071. drug
drʌɡ 药
-
food and drug administration (食品和药物管理局)
-
drug resistance (抗药性)
-
on drugs (有吸毒嗜好的)
-
drug therapy (药物治疗;药物疗法)
-
drug abuse (药物滥用;毒品滥用)
-
drug reaction (药物反应)
-
drug trafficking (贩毒;毒品走私)
-
drug addiction (药物成瘾)
-
crude drug (天然药)
-
prescription drug (须医师处方才可买的药品)
-
drug design (药物设计)
-
drug effect (药物作用)
-
drug testing (药物检测;药物检查)
-
drug addict (吸毒者;滥用药物者)
-
drug metabolism (药物代谢,药物代谢酌)
-
drug store (药房)
-
drug test (药检;兴奋剂检测)
-
drug dealer (贩毒者;毒品走私犯)
-
drug trade (贩毒)
-
drug problem (毒品问题;吸毒问题)
-
a drug used in the treatment of cancer (用于治疗癌症的一种药物)
-
(= ordered for people ) by doctors can be extremely hazardous if used in the wrong way. (医生开的处方药如果使用不当是非常危险的。)
-
The big drug companies make huge profits. (大型制药公司利润丰厚。)
-
medicine, pharmacon ([药]药;毒品;麻醉药;滞销货)
-
hit the pipe, hop up (吸毒)
4072. environmentally
en,vairən'mentli 在环境方面地
-
environmentally friendly (保护生态环境的;对生态环境无害的)
-
environmentally sound (对环境无害的)
-
environmentally sensitive (环境易受破坏的;环境警觉的)
4073. gem
dʒɛm 宝石, 珍宝
- precious gems (珍贵的宝石)
-
essence, elite, flower, treasure, pearl ([宝]宝石;精华;珍品;宝物;美玉)
-
lie around, set sth off (点缀;用宝石镶嵌;饰以宝石)
4074. detract
di'trækt 转移
- detract from (贬低,减损;使逊色)
-
shift, divert from (转移,使分心)
-
thumb down, play down (贬低;减去)
4075. swirl
swə:l 旋转,漩涡
- swirl chamber (涡流室,涡流式燃烧室;涡良烧室)
- ...small swirls of chocolate cream. (…小块旋涡形的奶油夹心巧克力。)
-
vortex, gulf (漩涡;打旋;涡状形)
-
swim (盘绕;打旋;眩晕;大口喝酒)
4076. bluefin
'blu:fin 金枪鱼
- bluefin tuna (金枪鱼;蓝鳍金枪鱼)
-
The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas recently voted to lower bluefin fishing quotas. (大西洋金枪鱼保护国际委员最近宣布了降低金枪鱼捕捞的配额。)
-
But they’ve been unable to outrun fishing fleets, which have pushed some populations, like the Atlantic bluefin, toward the edge of extinction. (但是它们再快也比不上渔船那么快,像是大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼,它们的数量也就因此而走向灭绝的边缘。)
-
Global stocks of bluefin are dwindling, especially in the Atlantic, and some governments around the world are increasingly supporting a complete trade ban to let the fish recover. (全球的蓝鳍金枪鱼数量在减少,特别是大西洋的数量。 世界各地越来越多的政府正在支持一向全面禁令,以恢复蓝鳍金枪鱼的数量。)
- tuna fish, tunny ((蓝鳍)金枪鱼;作生鱼片的精品鱼肉)
4077. radiant
'reidiənt 发光的, 辐射的
-
radiant energy (辐射能)
-
radiant heat (n. [物]辐射热)
-
radiant heating (辐射供暖;在建筑物内装的取暖用电热器)
-
radiant emittance (辐射率;辐射度;辐射发射率;辐射发散度)
-
radiant tube (辐射管)
-
radiant intensity (辐射强度)
-
radiant point (n. [物]辐射源;[天]辐射点)
-
radiant power (辐射功率)
-
radiant flux (辐射通量)
-
She looked radiant in a white silk dress. (她身穿白色真丝礼服,看上去光彩照人。)
-
a radiant smile (灿烂的笑容)
-
roseate, pearlescent ([核][物]辐射的;容光焕发的;光芒四射的)
-
bright spot, luminescent spot (光点;发光的物体)
4078. potent
'pəutənt 强有力的,有效的
-
potent drugs (强效药物)
-
a potent symbol of oppression (压迫的有力象征)
-
Advertising is a potent force in showing smoking as a socially acceptable habit. (广告的力量很大,把吸烟说成为社会所接受的习惯。)
-
A good company pension scheme remains a potent weapon for attracting staff. (良好的公司养老金计划依然是吸引员工的有效武器。)
- valid, available, effective, virtual, telling (有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的)
4079. sociobiology
,səusiəubai'ɔlədʒi, -ʃi- 生物社会学
- The social science middle-ground, lately known as sociobiology, claims that we learn at least some specific cultural behaviors on the basis of biological need and evolution. (社会科学的中间立场近来被称为“社会生物学”,它认为我们至少学习了一些以生物需要和进化为基础的特有的文化行为。)
- biosociology ([生物]生物社会学)
4080. ideological
,aidiəu'lɔdʒikəl, ,id:-,-ik 意识形态的
- ideological education (思想教育;政治教育;意识形态教育)
- The party is split by ideological differences. (意识形态上的差异造成该政党分裂。)
- think, ideaistic (思想的;意识形态的)
4081. solidarity
,sɔli'dæriti 团结
-
a gesture of solidarity (团结的表示)
-
an appeal for worker solidarity (呼吁工人们团结)
- unity, consolidation (团结,团结一致)
4082. providence
'prɔvidəns 深谋远虑,远见
- forethoughtfulness (天意;深谋远虑)
4083. catharsis
kə'θɑ:sis 宣泄,净化
- Music is a means of catharsis for me. (音乐是我宣泄情感的一种途径。)
- purification, distillation ([医]泻法,导泻;净化;精神发泄)
4084. contradictory
,kɔntrə'diktəri 相矛盾的
- Customs officials have made a series of contradictory statements about the equipment. (海关官员们对于这种设备做出了一系列相互矛盾的陈述。)
- anti, conflictive ([数]矛盾的;反对的;反驳的;抗辩的)
4085. chloride
'klɔ:raid [化]氯化物
-
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (聚氯乙烯)
-
polyvinyl chloride (pvc) (聚氯乙烯)
-
polyvinyl chloride (n. 聚氯乙烯)
-
sodium chloride (氯化钠,食盐)
-
ammonium chloride ([化]卤砂,氯化铵)
-
vinyl chloride (氯乙烯;氯化乙烯)
-
potassium chloride ([化]氯化钾)
-
calcium chloride (氯化钙)
-
hydrogen chloride (氯化氢;氢氟酸)
-
ferric chloride (氯化铁(用作蚀刻画腐蚀剂))
-
chloride ion ([化]氯根离子)
-
magnesium chloride (氯化镁)
-
benzyl chloride ([化]氯化苄;苄基氯)
-
aluminum chloride (氯化铝)
-
aluminium chloride (n. 氯化铝)
-
zinc chloride (氯化锌)
-
barium chloride ([化]氯化钡)
-
thionyl chloride ([化]亚硫酰氯)
-
stannous chloride (氯化亚锡;[化]二氯化锡)
-
choline chloride (氯化胆硷)
- sodium chloride (氯化钠)
- muriate ([无化]氯化物)
4086. archaic
ɑ:'keiik 古代的, 陈旧的
- archaic words (古词)
- ancient, old ([语][生物]古代的;陈旧的;古体的;古色古香的)
4087. aristocrat
'æristəkræt, ə'ristə- 贵族
- ...a wealthy southern aristocrat. (…一位富有的南方贵族。)
- prince, noble, nobility (贵族)
4088. consolidate
kən'sɔlideit 合并,统一,巩固
-
The company has consolidated its position as the country’s leading gas supplier. (这家公司巩固了作为该国主要煤气供应商的地位。)
-
The team consolidated their lead with a third goal. (球队以第三个进球巩固了领先优势。)
-
cement, strengthen, connect, fix, link (巩固,使固定;联合)
-
build up, to reinforce (巩固,加强)
4089. spark
spɑ:k 火花
spɑ:k 触发,引起
-
spark plug (n. 火花塞;带头人;中坚分子)
-
electric spark (电火花)
-
spark discharge (火花放电)
-
spark gap (火花隙;电花隙)
-
spark ignition (火花点火)
-
spark machining (电火花加工)
-
spark advance (点火提前;火花提早)
-
electric spark machining ([机械]电火花加工;放电加工)
-
spark erosion (火花蚀刻,电火花腐蚀)
-
spark of life (生命的火花)
-
make the sparks fly (干得热火朝天;进行得非常热烈)
-
spark timing (火花定时器)
-
not a spark of (毫不,一点也不)
-
sparks from the fire (火里飞出的火星)
-
The scrape of metal on metal sent up a shower of sparks . (金属之间互相摩擦,迸出一串火星。)
-
A FRAME, scintilla ([电]火花;朝气;闪光)
-
stimulate, launch, lift, drive, spirit (发动;鼓舞;求婚)
-
offer, coruscate (闪烁;[电]发火花;求婚)
4090. plug
plʌɡ 塞 n插头
-
pull the plug (结束,终止业务)
-
plug in (插入;插上电源)
-
spark plug (n. 火花塞;带头人;中坚分子)
-
plug and play (即插即用)
-
plug into ([口]把(电器)插头插入;接通)
-
plug flow (活塞流;平推流)
-
power plug (电源插头;电力插头)
-
rubber plug (橡皮塞)
-
plug valve (旋塞阀,塞嘴)
-
plug up (阻塞;被阻塞)
-
plug wire (插线;火星塞高压线)
-
blanking plug (堵塞器)
-
plug gauge (n. 塞规;测孔规)
-
plug and socket ([电]插塞连座;接插件)
-
valve plug (阀塞)
-
electric plug (电插座;电火花塞)
-
hot plug (热型火花塞;热插拔;热点火塞;分隔式燃烧室下部带有通道的镶块)
-
glow plug (预热塞,电热塞;热线点火塞)
-
bottom plug (底塞,船底塞;下模塞)
-
plug socket (插座,插孔;电源插座,塞孔)
- Crews are working to plug a major oil leak. (机组人员正在努力堵一个漏油的大洞。)
-
male connector, tampion ([电]插头;[核]塞子;栓)
-
stop up (塞住;用插头将与电源接通)
-
build in, add on (插入;塞住;[电]接插头)
4091. spine
spain 脊柱
- lumbar spine (腰椎,腰脊柱)
- ...injuries to his spine. (…对他的脊柱的创伤。)
- backbone, spinal column ([解剖]脊柱,脊椎;[生物]刺;[印刷][图情]书脊)
4092. absolute
'æbsəlju:t, ,æbsə'lju:t 完全的, 绝对的
-
absolute value (绝对值)
-
absolute advantage (绝对利益)
-
absolute power (绝对权力(电影名称))
-
absolute error (绝对误差)
-
absolute freedom (绝对自由)
-
absolute zero (绝对零度)
-
absolute alcohol (无水酒精)
-
absolute discretion (绝对酌情决定权)
-
absolute deviation (绝对偏差)
-
absolute majority (绝对多数)
-
absolute monarchy (专制君主国;君主专制政体)
-
absolute right ([法]绝对权利)
-
absolute minimum ([数]绝对极小值)
-
absolute number (绝对数)
-
absolute control (绝对掌控)
-
absolute difference (绝对差;绝对差别;绝对差分;绝对偏差)
-
absolute path (绝对路径;绝对航迹;绝对动路)
-
absolute pressure ([物]绝对压强)
-
absolute temperature (绝对温度)
-
absolute poverty (绝对贫困)
-
I have absolute confidence in her. (我对她充满信心。)
-
We don’t know with absolute certainty that the project will succeed. (我们没有绝对的把握这个项目一定会成功。)
- strict, complete, full, positive, total ([数]绝对的;完全的;专制的)
4093. lade
leid 装载,装货
-
Its action is very well for driver controling lade weight, deicing overload and keeping watch on the cargoes , ect. (对司机把握装载量,防止超载和监控货物等都有很好的作用。)
-
Shipping company uses EDI agency to realize international information communication already, shipping proof and space plan or lade the plan can be transmitted through telecommunication. (航运企业早已使用EDI媒介来实现国际信息交流,装运证实和分隔计划或装载计划都可通过电信来传输。)
-
onload, stow (装载;装(船))
-
ladle out, scoop out ((用勺子)舀出;装货)
4094. Soviet
'sauviət; 'sɔ- 苏维埃(的)
-
soviet union (前苏联(1922-1991,首都莫斯科Moscow,位于欧、亚洲))
-
soviet russia (n. 苏联)
- committee, council (苏维埃(代表会议);委员会;代表会议)
4095. humanity
hju:'mænəti 人性
- crime against humanity (违反人道罪;危害人类罪)
-
We want a clean healthy environment for all humanity . (我们希望全人类拥有一个干净健康的生存环境。)
-
crimes against humanity (反人类罪)
- mankind, people, mercy, kindness ([人类]人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科)
4096. budget
'bʌdʒit 预算 v做预算
-
budget deficit (预算赤字)
-
budget for (为…作预算)
-
project budget (项目预算,工程预算)
-
overall budget (总体预算)
-
financial budget (财务预算)
-
federal budget (联邦预算)
-
annual budget (n. 年度预算)
-
government budget (政府预算;国家预算)
-
on a budget (避免不必要的开支,节省费用)
-
sales budget (销售预算)
-
state budget (国家财政预算)
-
budget constraint (预算约束;预算限制)
-
congressional budget office (国会预算局)
-
defense budget (国防预算)
-
budget plan (预算方案;分期付款)
-
balanced budget (平衡预算)
-
budget committee (预算委员会)
-
capital budget (资本预算)
-
fiscal budget (n. 财政预算)
-
budget accounting (预算会计)
- We had a really tight budget . (我们的预算很紧。)
-
spend ([财政]预算,预算费)
-
place in, engage, settle (安排,预定;把…编入预算)
-
low-cost, penny-a-line (廉价的)
4097. magnesium
mæɡ'ni:ziəm, -ʃi- [化]镁
-
magnesium alloy (镁合金)
-
magnesium hydroxide ([化]氢氧化镁)
-
magnesium oxide ([化]氧化镁)
-
magnesium sulfate ([化]硫酸镁)
-
magnesium stearate (硬脂酸镁)
-
magnesium chloride (氯化镁)
-
magnesium carbonate (碳酸镁)
-
magnesium salt (镁盐)
-
magnesium phosphate (磷酸镁)
-
magnesium silicate (硅酸镁)
-
magnesium powder (镁细粉,镁粉)
-
magnesium acetate (醋酸镁)
-
magnesium sulphate (硫酸镁)
-
light magnesium carbonate (碱式碳酸镁)
-
magnesium fluoride ([化]氟化镁)
-
magnesium anode ([电工]镁阳极)
-
magnesium ingot (镁锭)
-
magnesium nitrate (硝酸镁)
-
This could be magnesium. (这也可能是镁。)
-
But, we know for example that magnesium, when it reacts, it reacts with both of its electrons, not just one of its electrons. (但是我们知道,拿镁来说,当它发生反应的时候,并不只是,某一个电子反应,而是两个价电子都发生反应。)
-
So, if we want to get more magnesium into the marketplace at an affordable price, not by government edict, what do we have to do? (所以如果我们想把更多的镁,投诸市场,并让它保持在一个不太昂贵的价格,而且不靠政府法令,我们应该怎样做?)
4098. engulf
in'ɡʌlf 吞没
- despair so great it threatened to engulf him (几乎要将他压垮的绝望情绪)
- gulf, devour (吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽)
4099. frigid
'fridʒid 寒冷的
- frigid zone (寒带)
- The guard looked at us with a frigid stare. (守卫冷冷地盯着我们。)
- cold, cutting, freezing (寒冷的,严寒的;冷淡的)