1_专四真题高频词(正序版)
1. adrift
ə'drift 漫无目的地; 漂浮着
- Several of the lifeboats were still afloat a month after being cast adrift . (放漂一个月后,有几艘救生艇还在漂流。)
- vagrom, anchorless (漂泊的;漂浮着的)
2. aftermath
'ɑ:ftəmæθ, 'æf- 后果;余波
- In the aftermath of the coup, the troops opened fire on the demonstrators. (在那次政变的余波之中,军队向示威者开了枪。)
- sequel, backwash (后果;余波)
3. afterworld
'ɑ:ftəwə:ld, 'æf- 阴间
- eternity, kingdom come (来世,后世;阴间;后代)
4. ample
'æmpl 足够的;丰富的
- ample evidence (充分证据)
- an ample bosom (丰满的胸部)
- abundant, sufficient, competent, full, plenty (丰富的;足够的;宽敞的)
5. ascertain
,æsə'tein 确定,查明
- A postmortem was ordered to try to ascertain the cause of death. (下令验尸以查明死因。)
- confirm, identify, assure oneself (确定;查明;探知)
6. assure
ə'ʃuə 向...保证,使...确信
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assure oneself (弄清楚,查明)
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assure of (vt. 向...保证);查明(使相信)
- The document is genuine, I can assure you . (我能向你保证,这文件是真的。)
- undertake, swear for (保证;担保;使确信;弄清楚)
7. attain
ə'tein 获得;得到
- More women are attaining positions of power. (越来越多的女性获得要职。)
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accomplish, carry out, earn, acquire, come true (达到,实现;获得;到达)
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go, take, land, arrive at (达到;获得;到达)
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achievement, effort, success, accomplishment, Vostro (成就)
8. autopsy
'ɔ:təpsi 尸体剖检
- an autopsy report (验尸报告)
- necropsy, inquest (验尸;[病理][特医]尸体解剖;尸体剖检)
9. Bible
'baibl 圣经
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holy bible (n. 圣经)
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bible society (圣经公会)
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family bible (家庭圣经;家庭用大型圣经)
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bible school (圣经学校)
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bible paper (圣经纸;字典纸;印度纸)
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american bible society (美国圣经学会(1816年创立于美国纽约的基督教国际组织))
- ...a publisher of bibles and hymn books. (…一家《圣经》册本和圣歌集出版商。)
10. charitable
'tʃærətəbl 仁慈的
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charitable foundation (慈善基金,慈善机构)
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charitable donation (慈善捐款)
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charitable groups (慈善团体)
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a charitable donation (慈善捐赠)
- generous, handsome, liberal (慈善事业的;慷慨的,仁慈的;宽恕的)
11. combination
,kɔmbi'neiʃən 结合体,混合物
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combination of (…的组合)
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in combination (结合)
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combination with (与…结合)
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in combination with (与…结合,与…联合)
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linear combination (线性组合)
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color combination (配色;颜色合成)
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business combination (企业合并)
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chemical combination (化合;化合作用)
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combination skin (混合性皮肤)
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permutation and combination (n. [数]排列组合)
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key combination ([计]组合键,关键字组合)
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combination property (综合性能)
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load combination (荷载组合,负载组合)
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convex combination ([数]凸组合)
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combination of enterprise (企业合并)
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combination lock (暗码锁;号码锁)
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combination valve (复合阀)
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combination drilling (联合钻眼,联合钻井)
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combination switch (组合开关;控制器)
- a combination nightclub and café (夜总会兼咖啡馆)
- combined with, alliance, unity, union, association (结合;[数]组合;联合;[化学]化合)
12. concept
'kɔnsept 观念;想法
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new concept (新概念)
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basic concept (基本概念;本义)
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design concept (设计理念;设计构思;设计原理)
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concept design (概念设计)
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marketing concept (市场营销观念)
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general concept (一般概念;概念知识)
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product concept (产品概念)
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key concept (关键概念;基本概念;主要概念)
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concept map (概念图)
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concept car (概念车)
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concept development (概念发展)
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time concept (时间概念)
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concept art (概念艺术;概念创作图)
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operational concept (操作概念;作战原则)
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production concept (生产观念)
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concept vehicle (概念车)
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accounting concept (会计基础理论;会计学概念;会计观念)
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concept learning (概念学习)
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spatial concept (空间概念)
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concept formation (概念形成)
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a new concept in business travel (商务旅行的新理念)
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our basic concepts of decent human behaviour (我们对得体的人类行为的基本观念)
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It’s very simple, once you grasp the concept . (你一旦掌握了这个概念之后就很简单了。)
- idea, sense, notion, construct (观念,概念)
13. congress
'kɔŋɡres, kən'ɡres 国会;大会
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national people's congress (全国人民代表大会)
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library of congress (n. 美国国会图书馆)
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congress party (国大党)
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african national congress (非洲国民大会)
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continental congress (大陆会议)
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member of congress (国会议员;美国众议院议员)
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act of congress (国会法)
- a congress of the ruling Labor Party (执政党工党的代表大会)
- session, conversation, meeting, parliament (国会;代表大会;会议;社交)
14. consequence
'kɔnsi,kwəns 结果
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as a consequence (因此,结果)
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in consequence (因此;结果)
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as a consequence of (因此;由于…的结果)
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in consequence of (由于…的缘故)
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of consequence (重要,有意义)
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of no consequence (无足轻重)
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evil consequence (恶果)
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immediate consequence (直接后果)
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economic consequence (经济后果;经济结果)
- Her lawyer said she understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail. (她的律师说她明白自己行为的后果并准备去坐牢。)
- outcome, product, result, significance, event, conclusion (结果;重要性;推论)
15. contagious
kən'teidʒəs 有感染力的;会蔓延的
- contagious disease (接触传染病)
- her contagious enthusiasm (她那富有感染力的热情)
16. contemporary
kən'tempərəri 当代的;同时代的
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contemporary art (当代艺术)
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contemporary literature (n. 现代文学)
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the contemporary era (当代)
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contemporary western philosophy (当代西方哲学)
- She writes a lot of contemporary music for people like Whitney Houston. (她为惠特尼·休斯敦等人创作大量当代音乐作品。)
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coeval (同时代的人;同时期的东西)
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modern-day, cotemporary (当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的)
17. contempt
kən'tempt 轻视;蔑视
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contempt of court (蔑视法庭;对法院的藐视罪)
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in contempt of (不顾;不把…放在眼里;藐视)
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beneath contempt (卑鄙到极点的)
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The public is treated with contempt by broadcasters. (公众受到了节目主持人的轻蔑对待。)
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How could she have loved a man who so clearly held her in contempt ? (她怎么会爱上一个明显看不起她的男人呢?)
- despite, defiance (轻视,蔑视;耻辱)
18. crave
kreiv 渴望,热望
- crave for (渴望)
- an insecure child who craves attention (缺乏安全感、渴望被关注的孩子)
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wish, long for (渴望;恳求)
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rare, aspire (渴望;恳求)
19. deprive
di'praiv 剥夺,使丧失
- deprive of (vt. 剥夺;失去)
- They've been deprived of the fuel necessary to heat their homes. (他们无法得到住房取暖必需的燃料。)
- shear, strip of (使丧失,剥夺)
20. detect
di'tekt 察觉;侦查
- Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early. (如果发现得早,许多种癌症都可以治愈。)
- explore, perceive (察觉;发现;探测)
21. deter
di'tə: 阻止,制止
- The company’s financial difficulties have deterred potential investors. (该公司的财务困境令潜在的投资者望而却步。)
- dispute, block, restrain (制止,阻止;使打消念头)
22. disgrace
dis'ɡreis 耻辱
- in disgrace (很不讨人喜欢)
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Smith faced total public disgrace after the incident. (事情发生之后,史密斯声名狼藉。)
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His actions brought disgrace on the family. (他的行为让家人蒙羞。)
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There was no disgrace in finishing fourth. (得了个第四名没什么丢脸的。)
- ignominy, opprobrium (耻辱;丢脸的人或事;失宠)
23. dispel
dis'pel 消除(疑虑等)
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We want to dispel the myth that you cannot eat well in Britain. (我们要消除在英国吃不好的误解。)
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Light poured into the hall, dispelling the shadows. (阳光洒进大厅,驱散了阴影。)
- eliminate, avoid (驱散,驱逐;消除(烦恼等))
24. dispute
dis'pju:t, 'dis- 争论;对...提出质疑
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dispute resolution ([法律]调解纠纷)
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in dispute (在争论中)
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labor dispute (劳动争议;劳资纠纷)
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dispute about (争论,辩论)
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trade dispute (贸易纠纷)
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beyond dispute (无疑地;没有争论余地)
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labour dispute (劳资争议)
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legal dispute (法律纠纷)
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dispute settlement body (争端解决机构;争端处理机构;争端解决机制)
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under dispute (在争论中)
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settle dispute (解决争端;解决争议)
- What happened next is hotly disputed . (关于后来发生了什么,争论很激烈。)
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discuss, debate, argue, stem, block (辩论;怀疑;阻止;抗拒)
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debate, argue with (争论)
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argument, debate, brush, controversy (辩论;争吵)
25. disseminate
di'semineit 散布,传播
- Her findings have been widely disseminated . (她的发现已广为传播。)
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distribute, publicize, transmit (宣传,传播;散布)
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shed, put about (散布;广为传播)
26. dove
dʌv 鸽
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The eagle perched on a nearby branch and said, "You can save the dove, but that means you're starving me. (那只老鹰停在附近的一枝树枝上,说道:“你救了鸽子,就意味着要让我饿肚子。)
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As part of the study, due to be unveiled later this month, participants were given the option of being a ‘dove’ and cooperating with others for shared benefit, or taking on the role of a ‘hawk’. (该项研究的具体内容将会在本月末公布,其中的一项内容是一个游戏,参与者可以选择成为“鸽派”的角色, 与他人合作共享利益, 或者成为“鹰派”的角色。)
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As ‘hawks' they had the chance to gain more if the other participant chose to be a ‘dove’. (作为鹰派, 他们有机会可以赚得更多, 如果其他的参与者选择成为鸽派。)
-
pigeon, La paloma (鸽子;鸽派人士)
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dived (潜水(dive的过去式))
27. drag
dræɡ 拖拽; 吃力地往前拉
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drag on (拖延)
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drag and drop (拖放)
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drag reduction (减阻)
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drag coefficient (阻力系数;曳引系数)
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drag in (插入讨论中;拉进)
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drag force (拖曳力,曳力)
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click and drag (单击并拖动)
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drag down (向下拖)
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aerodynamic drag (空气动力阻力)
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friction drag (摩阻;磨擦阻力)
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air drag (空气阻力)
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drag along (拖着脚走,慢慢地行走)
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drag out (拖延)
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frictional drag (摩擦阻力;摩擦拽力)
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drag link (拉杆)
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drag racing (直线加速赛;短程高速赛车;减重短程高速汽车赛;街头飚车(汽车))
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drag torque (阻力矩;曳力矩;拖曳转矩)
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drag chain (牵引链)
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wave drag (波阻)
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drag over (拖过;拖出)
- He grabbed her arm and dragged her into the room. (他抓住她的手臂把她拖进房间。)
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cumber with, ball and chain (拖累;拖拉;缓慢而吃力地行进)
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daggle (拖曳;缓慢而吃力地行进)
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pull, tow (拖;拖累)
28. ensure
in'ʃuə 保证,确保
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ensure public security (保安)
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ensure from (v. 保护)
- facilities to ensure the safety of cyclists (确保骑车人安全的设施)
- undertake, assure, insure (保证,确保;使安全)
29. especially
i'speʃəli 尤其,特别是
- especially english (具有英国特征的)
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I never liked long walks, especially in winter. (我向来不喜欢长距离散步,尤其在冬天。)
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Art books are expensive to produce, especially if they contain colour illustrations. (美术类书籍制作成本很高,尤其是那些带彩色插图的。)
- peculiarly, notably (特别;尤其;格外)
30. expel
ik'spel 驱逐;赶走;把…除名
- expel from (v. 驱逐出;开除;排出)
- More than five-thousand high school students have been expelled for cheating. (五千多名中学生因考试作弊而被开除。)
- remove, oust (驱逐;开除)
31. fate
'feit 命运
- as sure as fate (千真万确)
- I wouldn’t wish such a fate on my worst enemy. (就算是我不共戴天的仇敌,我也不希望他遭遇这样的命运。)
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lot, destiny, fortune, portion, cup of tea (命运)
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predestine, foreordain (注定)
32. federal
联邦的
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federal reserve ((美国)联邦储备系统)
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federal government (联邦政府)
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federal law (联邦法律)
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federal funds (联邦资金)
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federal court (联邦法院)
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federal budget (联邦预算)
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federal reserve board ((美国)联邦储备金监察小组)
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federal communications commission (联邦通信委员会)
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federal reserve bank ((美)联邦储备银行)
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federal agency (联邦机构;联邦政府机构)
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federal bureau of investigation (n. (美)联邦调查局)
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federal funds rate (联邦基金利率)
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federal deposit insurance corporation (美国联邦存款保险公司)
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federal trade commission (联邦贸易委员会,联邦商务委员会(FTC))
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federal republic of germany (德意志联邦共和国)
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federal reserve system ((美)联邦准备制度)
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federal tax ((美)联邦税)
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federal aviation administration ([运输工程]联邦航空管理局)
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federal district (联邦特区(联邦政府所在地区,等于Federal District))
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federal express (联邦快递,美国联邦快递公司)
- Switzerland is a federal republic. (瑞士是一个联邦共和国。)
- confederal, fed. (联邦的;同盟的)
33. generations
数代人
- alternation of generations (世代交替)
- ...the younger generation of party members. (…较年轻一代的党员。)
34. grit
ɡrit 毅力
-
grit chamber (沉砂池)
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steel grit (钢砂;钢丸;钢粒)
- If they gave gold medals for grit, Karen would be right up there on the winners' podium. (如果他们颁发毅力金牌,卡伦应该站在领奖台上。)
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pulverize, mull (研磨;在…上铺砂砾)
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coarse sand, arenes ([岩][地质]粗砂,砂砾)
35. gritty
'ɡriti 勇敢的,坚毅的
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Henin gave a typically gritty performance, coming back from 4-0 down. (海宁表现出一贯的坚毅,把零比四落后的比分扳回。)
-
her gritty determination (她那坚定的决心)
- sandy, arenaceous (坚韧不拔的;有砂砾的;多沙的;像砂的)
36. gutter
'ɡʌtə (路边)排水沟
- in the gutter ([美国俚语])
- The gutters were blocked and overflowing. (排水沟堵住了,水都溢出来了。)
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drainage ditch, barrel-drain ([建]排水沟;槽;贫民区)
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stream (流;形成沟)
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douse (开沟于…;弄熄)
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low, coarse (贫贱的;粗俗的;耸人听闻的)
37. hippie
'hipi 嬉皮士
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He was a hippie: who else drops out of Reed? (他曾是个嬉皮士:不然谁会从里德学院退学?)
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The truth is, if one probes just beneath the surface of the bucolic hippie image, one finds a puzzling infatuation with certain forms of outrè technology reaching well back into the early sixties. (事实是,如果我们深入乡野嬉皮士形象的表面之下,便可以发现他们有一种令人费解的、对某些奇怪技术的迷恋,这种迷恋最早始于六十年代初期。)
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Clean-cut and favoring a coat and tie these days, he described himself as a ragged “hippie” during his time in Europe. (现在的他轮廓清秀,喜欢穿西服打领带,而在欧洲时,他形容自己是个衣衫褴褛的“嬉皮士”。)
- flower people (嬉皮士;嬉皮模样的年青人)
38. immortality
,imɔ:'tæləti 永生,不朽
- the immortality of the soul (灵魂的不朽)
- eternity, perpetuation (不朽;不朽的声名;不灭)
39. indolence
'indələns,-lənsi 懒惰;懒散
-
As the Cultural relics department warned, the security technology employed in the museum was seamless, so the major fault lay in the security guards’ irresponsibility and indolence. (正如文物部门警告,目前博物馆安保技术已无懈可击,但最大的漏洞在于人员的意识和责任心,懒惰成性。)
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I have seen this happen. Just last week my minor crimes of indolence cost two companies about eighty man-hours. (我见过这样的事,就在上周,我的懒惰导致两家公司多花费了八十工时。)
- idleness, lassitude (懒散,懒惰;无痛)
40. insecure
,insi'kujə 不安全的
- Many of them work in low-paid insecure jobs. (他们当中的许多人都做着薪水低、不稳定的工作。)
- unstable, unsafe (不安全的;不稳定的;不牢靠的)
41. insure
in'ʃuə 为...上保险
- insure against (v. 给……保险以防)
- Have you insured the contents of your home? (你给家庭财产投保了吗?)
-
undertake, assure (确保,保证;给…保险)
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to ensure, snake stare (确保;投保)
42. loan
ləun 贷款
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on loan (借用;借贷;借调)
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bank loan (银行贷款)
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mortgage loan (按揭贷款;抵押借款)
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loan interest (贷款利息)
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student loan (助学贷款)
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loan contract (贷款合同)
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loan guarantee (贷款担保,借款保证函)
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loan period (借期,借书期限;租借期限)
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personal loan (n. 个人贷款)
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loan repayment (归还贷款,偿还借款)
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housing mortgage loan (住房抵押贷款)
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loan agreement (贷款协议;借款合同)
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interlibrary loan (馆际互借;馆际合作)
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loan application (贷款申请)
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bad loan (呆帐,坏帐;迟还贷款)
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syndicated loan ([经]财团放款)
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loan officer (信贷员;贷款人员;信贷主管)
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commercial loan (商业贷款)
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credit loan (信用贷款)
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non-performing loan (不良贷款,不履约贷款;非营运贷款)
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We obtained a loan from the government. (我们得了一笔政府贷款。)
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If you ask him for a loan, he'll come through. (如果你向他贷款,他会满足你的要求的。)
-
The company won't keep going unless we can get some loan. (除非我们能搞到贷款,否则公司就维持不下去了。)
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debt, credit, borrowing ([金融]贷款;借款)
-
borrow, lend to (借;借给)
43. makeshift
'meikʃift 临时替代的; 权宜的
- The refugees slept in makeshift tents at the side of the road. (逃难者睡在路边临时搭建的帐篷里。)
-
quick fix, provisional measure (权宜之计;凑合;临时措施;将就)
-
temporary, extraordinary, odd, occasional (临时的;权宜之计的;凑合的)
44. malnourished
mæl'nʌriʃt 营养不良的
- malnourished children (营养不良的儿童)
- ill-fed, dystrophic (营养不良的;营养失调的)
45. manifest
'mænifest 显示,表明
-
manifest destiny (天定命运)
-
assembly manifest ([计]程序集清单;装配件清单)
- The shareholders have manifested their intention to sell the shares. (股东们表明了要出售股票的意图。)
-
indicate, prove, demonstrate, reveal, make clear (证明,表明;显示)
-
occur, make clear, figure, offer, come out (显示,出现)
-
passenger list ([贸易]载货单,货单;旅客名单)
-
apparent, obvious, distinct, transparent, decided (显然的,明显的;明白的)
46. manipulate
mə'nipjuleit 操纵;巧妙地处理
- manipulate data (操作数据)
-
He was one of those men who manipulated people. (他是那种要摆布别人的人。)
-
You have the constant feeling you are being manipulated. (你总感觉自己是被人控制着的。)
- man, guide, work, handle (操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改)
47. Mistletoe
'misəltəu 槲寄生
- viscum ([中医]槲寄生(一种常用作圣诞节室内悬挂的植物))
48. muddy
'mʌdi 泥泞的
- muddy water (浑水;泥土水)
-
Take your boots off outside if they’re muddy. (要是靴子上都是泥,你就脱在门外吧。)
-
the muddy waters of the lake (浑浊的湖水)
-
fuzzy, dark, chaotic, troubled, vague (泥泞的;模糊的;混乱的)
-
bedrabble (使污浊;使沾上泥;把…弄糊涂)
49. mythology
mi'θɔlɔdʒi 神话学
- characters from classical mythology (古典神话中的人物)
- fairy story, fairy tales (神话;神话学;神话集)
50. neglect
ni'ɡlekt 忽略
-
neglect of (疏忽)
-
neglect of duty (玩忽职守;[法]失职;过失责任)
-
She smoked and drank, neglected the children, and left the clothes unmended. (她抽烟喝酒,既不照顾孩子,也不缝补衣服。)
-
a neglected garden (疏于打理的花园)
-
The building has been badly neglected. (这栋大楼严重疏于维护。)
-
ignore, be forgetful of (疏忽,忽视;忽略)
-
omission, oversight (疏忽,忽视;怠慢)
51. particularly
pə'tikjuləli 特别地
-
Steve was in a particularly bad mood when he got back. (史蒂夫回来时情绪特别不好。)
-
The restaurant is particularly popular with young people. (那家餐厅尤其受到年轻人的欢迎。)
-
We are hoping to expand our business, particularly in Europe. (我们希望扩大业务,尤其是在欧洲。)
-
British farmers, particularly those producing lamb, are very worried. (英国农场主,尤其是养羊羔的农场主,非常担忧。)
- specifically, extra, definitely, positively (特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地)
52. perseverance
,pɜ:sə'vɪərəns 毅力
-
He's a clever man,but fails in perseverance. (他是一个聪明人,但缺乏毅力。)
-
Their power does not come from rank or title but from intellect and perseverance. (他们的权力并非来自等级或头衔,而是来自他们的智慧和毅力。)
- doggedness, tenacity (坚持不懈;不屈不挠)
53. presence
'prezəns 出席
-
in the presence of (在…面前;有某人在场)
-
in presence of (提示)
-
physical presence (实体存在;实际存在)
-
military presence (军事存在)
-
internet presence (网上广告)
-
commercial presence (商业存在)
- Your presence is requested at the club meeting on Friday. (敬请出席于周五举行的俱乐部会议。)
- existence, being, entity, is ([植]存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态)
54. presumably
pri'zju:-məbli,pri:- 据推测; 大概
- It’s raining, which presumably means that your football match will be cancelled. (下雨了,这可能意味着你们的足球比赛要取消。)
- probably, possibly, maybe (大概;推测起来;可假定)
55. proclaim
prəu'kleim 宣告
- The President proclaimed the republic’s independence. (总统宣布共和国独立。)
- indicate, sound, post, state, publish (宣告,公布;声明;表明;赞扬)
56. promulgate
'prɔməlɡeit, prəu'mʌl- 颁布,公布
- A new constitution was promulgated last month. (上个月颁布了一部新宪法。)
- deliver, post, notify, transmit (公布;传播;发表)
57. proportion
比例
-
in proportion (成比例;相称)
-
a large proportion of (一大部分)
-
direct proportion (n. 正比;正比例)
-
out of proportion (不成比例)
-
mixing proportion (混合比,配合比例)
-
inverse proportion (n. 比例;反比例)
-
in proportion as (adv. 按…比例;依…程度而变)
-
sense of proportion (判断推动轻重缓急的能力)
-
geometric proportion (等比)
-
proportion by weight (重量比)
- The proportion of women in the profession had risen to 17.3%. (从事那个职业的女性比例已经增长到17.3%。)
-
ratio, area, equilibrium, scale, part ([数]比例;部分;面积;均衡)
-
apportion (使成比例;使均衡;分摊)
58. quell
kwel 制止,平息,镇压
- Troops eventually quelled the unrest. (部队最终镇压了动乱。)
- eliminate, avoid, moderate, suppress (平息;镇压;减轻;消除)
59. repel
ri'pel 抵制;使厌恶
- The smell repelled him. (这气味让他反感。)
- refuse, roll back (击退;抵制;使厌恶;使不愉快)
60. represent
,repri'zent 象征;代表
-
represent something to oneself (想像出某事物)
-
represent for (代表;象征)
- Mr Kobayashi was chosen to represent the company at the conference. (小林先生被选中代表公司出席会议。)
-
conduct oneself, bear oneself, trace, figure (代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送)
-
to stand for, stand for sth (代表;提出异议)
61. reputation
,repju'teiʃən 名誉,声望
-
good reputation (良好声誉)
-
high reputation (盛誉)
-
reputation for (名声,名气;以…闻名)
-
of reputation (有名望的)
-
business reputation (商业信誉;营业信誉)
-
by reputation (由(或通过)名声;由于知名度)
-
bad reputation (n. 坏名声,臭名)
-
reliable reputation (信誉可靠)
-
have a reputation for (vt. 出名因(因…而著称);有…的好名声)
- Alice Munro has a reputation for being a very depressing writer. (艾丽斯•门罗有文风抑郁的名声。)
- credit, name, fame, celebrity, prestige (名声,名誉;声望)
62. resemblance
ri'zembləns 相似
- family resemblance (家族类似性)
- There was a remarkable resemblance between him and Pete. (他和皮特有一个惊人的相似之处。)
- image, conformity, likeness (相似;相似之处;相似物;肖像)
63. scant
skænt 少量的,不足的
- scant of (缺乏…的)
-
The story has received scant attention in the press. (这件事没在报界引起多少注意。)
-
They produce goods with scant regard for quality. (他们的产品不够重视质量。)
-
insufficient, short, deficient, lacking, scarce (不足的;缺乏的;勉强够的)
-
block, shorten (减少;节省;限制)
64. shabby
'ʃæbi 破烂的,衣着寒酸的
- a shabby tramp (一个衣衫褴褛的流浪汉)
- poor, mean, tight, base, shot (破旧的;卑鄙的;吝啬的;低劣的)
65. shortlist
'ʃɔ:tlist 把…列入候选名单;提名
- He was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize for literature several times. (他曾数次获得诺贝尔文学奖提名。)
66. sophisticated
sə'fistikeitid 复杂的,老于世故的
-
sophisticated technology (工艺精良)
-
sophisticated equipment (尖端设备;高级设备)
-
sophisticated software (很先进的软件)
-
a highly sophisticated weapons system (非常精密的武器系统)
-
complicated, experienced, involved, detailed, exquisite (复杂的;精致的;久经世故的;富有经验的)
-
mystified (使变得世故;使迷惑;篡改(sophisticate的过去分词形式))
67. source
sɔ:s 根源;源头
-
source code (源代码;源程序)
-
power source (电源,能源)
-
light source (光源)
-
source rock (源岩;生油岩层)
-
water source (水源)
-
open source ([计]开放源码;开放资源)
-
heat source (热源)
-
data source (数据源,数据发送器)
-
energy source (安瑞索思(公司名称))
-
pollution source (污染源)
-
point source (点声源)
-
at source (在产地;在源头)
-
carbon source (碳源)
-
current source (电源;电链)
-
source material (原始资源)
-
information source (信息源;情报源)
-
source language (源语言)
-
signal source (n. 信号源)
-
voltage source (n. 电压电源)
-
source area (源区)
- List all your sources at the end of your essay. (在论文末尾列出你所有资料的出处。)
- provenience, authorship (来源;水源;原始资料)
68. specially
'speʃəli 特意地;专门地
-
specially invite( or engage) (特聘)
-
specially good effect (特效)
- specially trained police dogs (经过专门训练的警犬)
- particularly, extra, technically (特别地;专门地)
69. specifically
spi'sifikəli 明确地,具体的
- more specifically (更具体地说)
- advertising that specifically targets children (专门针对儿童的广告)
- particularly, extra, definitely, positively, explicitly (特别地;明确地)
70. spontaneous
spɔn'teiniəs 自发的; 自然的
-
spontaneous combustion (自燃)
-
spontaneous emission ([电磁学]自发发射)
-
spontaneous abortion (自然流产;自发性流产)
-
amplified spontaneous emission (放大自发射;放大式自发射)
-
spontaneous ignition (自燃)
-
spontaneous polarization (自发极化;自然极化)
-
spontaneous recovery (自然回复(恢复);自然痊愈)
-
spontaneous radiation (自发辐射)
-
spontaneous magnetization (自发磁化;自发磁化强度)
-
The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer. (人群自发地欢呼起来。)
-
My spontaneous reaction was to run away. (我的本能反应就是逃跑。)
- autonomous, mechanical, natural, initiative (自发的;自然的;无意识的)
71. sumptuous
'sʌmptjuəs, -tʃu- 华丽的;奢侈的
-
a sumptuous feast (盛宴)
-
a sumptuous palace (一座富丽堂皇的宫殿)
- grand, luxury, magnificent, brave, gorgeous (华丽的,豪华的;奢侈的)
72. superstition
,sju:pə'stiʃən 迷信
- the old superstition that walking under a ladder is unlucky (认为从梯子下面穿过不吉利的古老迷信)
- aberglaube, fetish (迷信)
73. symbolize
'simbəlaiz 象征;用符号代表
-
Crime often symbolizes a wider social problem. (犯罪问题往往反映出更广泛的社会问题。)
-
Growing discontent has been symbolized by the protests. (与日俱增的不满通过一次又一次的抗议表现出来。)
- indicate, image, figure (象征;用符号表现)
74. temporary
'tempərəri 临时的,暂时的
-
temporary storage (暂时存储器;暂时库容;中间存储器)
-
temporary work (临时工作;临时工程)
-
temporary shelter (临时避难所;临时收容中心;临时安置所;临时庇护站)
-
temporary construction (临时建筑工程;临时结构,临时构筑物)
-
temporary job (临时性工作)
-
temporary employment (短工)
-
temporary file (暂时文件;暂存文件)
-
temporary housing (临时住房,应急住宅;临时住宿)
-
temporary suspension (暂停)
-
temporary road (临时道路)
-
temporary worker (临时工)
-
temporary residence permit (card) (暂住证)
-
temporary provisions (暂行规定)
-
temporary protection (暂时保护)
-
temporary block (暂时块;工作单元块)
-
temporary certificate (临时证书)
-
temporary pain relief (疼痛的暂时缓解)
-
I’m living with my parents, but it’s only temporary. (我和父母住在一起,但这只是暂时的。)
-
You might want to consider temporary work until you decide what you want to do. (在你定下来想做什么之前,也许可以考虑干点临时性工作。)
-
She was employed on a temporary basis . (她是受雇干临时性工作的。)
-
extraordinary, odd, interim (暂时的,临时的)
-
super, casual laborer (临时工,临时雇员)
75. tendency
'tendənsi 倾向,趋势
-
development tendency (发展趋势)
-
tendency to sth (趋向;趋于)
-
unhealthy tendency (不正之风)
-
natural tendency (自然趋势)
-
upward tendency (上涨的趋势;看涨)
-
bleeding tendency (出血倾向)
-
central tendency (集中趋势;居中趋向)
- children with aggressive or anti-social tendencies (具有攻击性倾向或反社会倾向的儿童)
- liability, trend, direction, tide, set (倾向,趋势;癖好)
76. thorough
'θʌrə, 'θə:rəu 彻底的,全面的
-
The doctor gave him a thorough check-up. (医生给他做了一次全面的体检。)
-
a thorough and detailed biography (详尽的传记)
-
The police investigation was very thorough. (警方的调查十分彻底。)
-
thorough notes of the meeting (详尽的会议记录)
- complete, radical (彻底的;十分的;周密的)
77. tireless
'taiəlis 不疲倦的
- the tireless efforts of the rescue workers (营救人员坚持不懈的努力)
- indefatigable, untiring (不知疲倦的;不疲劳的)
78. tow
təu 拖,拉; 牵引
-
in tow (拖着;在一起)
-
tow truck (n. 拖车;牵引车)
-
on tow ((车辆等)被拖(带)着)
- The ship had to be towed into the harbor. (那艘轮船不得不被拖进港口。)
-
pull, drag (拖;[纺]麻的粗纤维;拖曳所用之绳)
-
pull, trail (拖;牵引;曳)
79. valiant
'væljənt 勇敢的,英勇的
- Tarr threw himself in front of a train in a valiant effort to save the child. (塔尔勇敢地冲到火车前去救那个小孩。)
-
bold, game, brave, gallant (英勇的,勇敢的)
-
brave, warrior (勇士;勇敢的人)
80. variable
'vεəriəbl 多变的,易变的
-
variable speed (变速,可变速率)
-
random variable (随机变数,随机变量;无规变量)
-
state variable ([控制系统]状态变量;[热力学]热力学态函数(等于thermodynamic function of state))
-
independent variable (自变量;自变数)
-
dependent variable (因变量;他变数;应变数)
-
design variable (设计变量)
-
complex variable (复变数)
-
control variable (控制变量;决策变量)
-
local variable (局部变量)
-
environment variable (环境变量;环境变数)
-
variable parameter (可变参量)
-
continuous variable (连续变量)
-
variable cost (可变成本)
-
variable pitch (可变螺距;可变节距;变斜度)
-
variable flow (变速流,变化的流动;异形流动)
-
output variable (输出变量)
-
global variable (全局变量,全程变量)
-
variable data (n. 可变数据)
-
discrete variable ([数]离散变量)
-
variable coefficient (变系数;可变系数)
-
Expect variable cloudiness and fog tomorrow. (预计明天多云有雾,天气多变。)
-
Interest rates can be highly variable. (利率有时会大幅波动。)
- mobile, liquid, unstable ([生物][数][光]变量的;可变的;易变的,多变的;变异的,畸变的)
81. vigilant
'vidʒilənt 警惕的,警醒的
- Please remain vigilant at all times and report anything suspicious. (请时刻保持警惕,有可疑情况随时报告。)
- alert, watchful (警惕的;警醒的;注意的;警戒的)
82. vigorous
'viɡərəs 强有力的(运动、活动)精力充沛的
-
Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day. (你的狗每天需要进行至少20分钟的剧烈运动。)
-
Environmentalists have begun a vigorous campaign to oppose nuclear dumping in the area. (环保人士已经发动了一场积极的运动,反对在该地区倾倒核废物。)
-
a vigorous debate (一场激烈的辩论)
-
Vigorous efforts are being made to find a solution to the problem. (正积极地寻找办法解决这个问题。)
-
The measures provoked vigorous opposition in right-wing circles. (这些举措激起了右翼群体的强烈反对。)
- male, live, energetic, mighty (有力的;精力充沛的)
83. virtual
实质上的,实际上的
-
virtual reality (虚拟现实)
-
virtual world (虚拟世界;虚像世界)
-
virtual machine (虚拟机,虚拟计算机)
-
virtual memory (虚拟内存)
-
virtual network (虚拟网络;虚拟网路)
-
virtual space (虚拟空间;虚域)
-
virtual organization (虚拟组织;虚拟企业)
-
virtual work (虚功)
-
virtual community (虚拟社群;实质上的群体)
-
virtual storage (虚拟储存器)
-
virtual function (虚函数;虚拟函数;虛擬函式)
-
virtual server (虚拟服务器;虚拟伺服器;虚拟主机)
-
virtual address (虚拟地址)
-
virtual logistics (虚拟物流)
-
virtual value (n. 有效值;虚拟价值)
-
virtual image ([物]虚像)
-
virtual circuit (虚电路)
-
virtual office (虚拟办公室;虚拟合作)
-
virtual disk (虚拟磁盘)
-
virtual market (虚拟市场;虚拟市集)
- Argentina came to a virtual standstill while the game was being played. (阿根廷在比赛进行期间全国上下事实上进入了停顿状态。)
- valid, available, effective, telling, significant ([计][物]虚拟的;有效的;实质上的,事实上的)
84. weapon
'wepən 武器
-
nuclear weapon (核武器)
-
secret weapon (秘密武器)
-
lethal weapon (致命凶器)
-
biological weapon (生物武器,细菌武器)
-
chemical weapon (化学武器)
-
automatic weapon (自动武器)
-
natural weapons (天然武器(爪、牙、拳等))
-
weapon control system (武器管理系统;武器控制系统)
-
conventional weapon ([军]常规武器)
- They all had sticks which they planned to use as weapons. (他们都持有棍棒,打算当武器用。)
- arm, armament (武器,[军]兵器)
85. welfare
'welfεə 福利
-
social welfare (社会福利;社会福利工作(等于social work))
-
public welfare (公共福利,公用福利设施;社会福利)
-
welfare system (福利体系)
-
welfare state (福利国家)
-
welfare economics ([经]福利经济学)
-
economic welfare (经济福利)
-
welfare lottery (福利彩票)
-
general welfare (公共福利)
-
child welfare (儿童福利;保育)
-
on welfare (接受救济的;接受生活照顾的)
-
welfare work (福利工作)
-
welfare fund (n. 福利基金)
-
public welfare forest (公益林)
-
welfare facilities (福利设施)
-
social welfare function (社会福利函数;社会福利功能)
-
welfare cost (社会福利支出;福利费)
- Our only concern is the children’s welfare. (我们唯一关心的是孩子们的幸福。)
- happiness, weal (福利;幸福;福利事业;安宁)
86. withdraw
wið'drɔ:, wiθ- 取款
-
withdraw from (v. 退出;离开)
-
withdraw money (取钱)
-
withdraw cash (取现;取钱)
-
withdraw troops (收兵,撤军)
-
One of the minority parties had withdrawn its support for Chancellor Kohl. (其中一个少数党已不再支持科尔总理。)
-
Union members will vote on whether to withdraw their labour (= stop working ). (工会会员将投票决定是否罢工。)
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a government decision to withdraw funding (政府取消拨款的决定)
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beat a retreat, bug out (撤退;收回;撤消;拉开)
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leave, split (撤退;离开)
87. yearn
jə:n 渴望
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yearn for (渴望)
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yearn towards (向往…;想念)
- He yearned for freedom. (他曾渴望自由。)
- rare, aspire (渴望,向往;思念,想念;怀念;同情,怜悯)
88. aimless
'eimlis 没有目标的
- a young man drifting through life in an aimless way (一个浑浑噩噩度日的年轻人)
- meaningless, directionless (没有目标的;无目的的)
89. amateur
'æmətə, ,æmə'tə: 外行
- amateur radio (业余无线电;业余无线电爱好者)
- You English are a bunch of amateurs when it comes to romance. (谈情说爱你们英国人就外行了。)
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lover, fan (爱好者;业余爱好者;外行)
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strange, leisure, lay (业余的;外行的)
90. amplify
'æmplifai 放大
- an amplified guitar (带有扩音设备的电吉他)
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extend, zoom up (放大,扩大;增强;详述)
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expand on, enlarge on (详述)
91. arthritis
ɑ:'θraitis 关节炎
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rheumatoid arthritis (风湿性关节炎)
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rheumatic arthritis (风湿性关节炎;关节风湿病)
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psoriatic arthritis (关节炎,牛皮癣关节炎;银屑病性关节炎)
- I have a touch of arthritis in the wrist. (我的手腕有轻微关节炎。)
- sacroiliitis ([外科]关节炎)
92. artificial
,ɑ:ti'fiʃəl 人造的; 人工的
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artificial intelligence (人工智能)
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artificial leather (人造革)
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artificial insemination (人工受精)
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artificial stone (人造石)
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artificial life (人工生命;人造生命)
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artificial heart ([医]人工心脏)
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artificial light (人造光)
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artificial lake (人工湖;水库;人工蓄水池)
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artificial flower (人造花)
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artificial aging (人工时效;人工老化;人工硬化)
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artificial color (人工色素)
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artificial limb (n. 假肢)
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artificial marble (人造大理石)
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artificial lift (人工升举)
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artificial person ([经]法人)
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artificial silk (人造丝)
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artificial respiration (人工呼吸;人工呼吸急救法)
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artificial satellite (人造卫星)
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artificial turf (人造草皮)
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artificial lighting ([机]人工照明)
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artificial flowers (假花)
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artificial light (人造光)
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artificial fertilizers (化肥)
- synthetic, false, simulated, arbitrary (人造的;[自]仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的)
93. assessment
ə'sesmənt 评估; 评价
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risk assessment (风险估计,危险率估计)
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environmental impact assessment (环境影响评价)
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assessment method (评价法)
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environmental assessment (环境评价;环境评估)
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quantitative assessment (定量评定(评价))
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life cycle assessment (生命周期研究法)
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damage assessment (损坏情况估计)
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assessment criteria (评估准则;评价准则)
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security assessment (可靠性估计)
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conformity assessment (合格评定;符合性评估;型式评价)
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formative assessment (形成性评价;形成性测试;教学评测)
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assessment process (评价程序,评估过程)
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technology assessment (技术评估)
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hazard assessment (危害评价,灾害评估)
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portfolio assessment (档案评估)
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qualitative assessment (质量评定)
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preliminary assessment (初步评估;预备评估)
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assessment center (评价中心,评估中心)
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needs assessment (需求评估)
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tax assessment (征税估值;税额查定;确定税款金额)
- a reading assessment test (阅读评估测试)
- appraisal, evaluation, valuation, estimate (评定;[税收]估价)
94. assignment
ə'sainmənt 作业
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assignment problem (指派问题;分配问题;分派问题;配置问题)
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pole assignment (极点配置)
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assignment method (转让方法;指定分配方法)
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school assignment (学生作业;课题)
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channel assignment (信道分配;通道分配;信道指配)
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assignment operator (赋值运算符)
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assignment statement ([计]赋值语句;[计]指派陈述)
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value assignment (赋值)
- a history assignment (历史作业)
- allocation, distribution, role, mission, task (分配;任务;作业;功课)
95. assistance
ə'sistəns 帮助,援助
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technical assistance (技术援助)
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financial assistance (财政资助)
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mutual assistance (互相帮助;互相援助)
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legal assistance (法律救助)
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social assistance (社会救助;社会援助)
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medical assistance (医疗救助)
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development assistance (发展援助)
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judicial assistance (司法援肋)
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be of assistance (有帮助;有好处)
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public assistance (公共援助;政府授助;官方援助)
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We offer financial assistance to students. (我们向学生提供经济援助。)
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Can I be of any assistance (= can I help you ) ? (我能帮什么忙吗?)
- aid, hand, help, boost (援助,帮助;辅助设备)
96. attachment
ə'tætʃmənt 依恋
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emotional attachment (情绪依恋;情感依附)
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attachment point (阀值;附着点;附保点;接合点)
- But while we all have this need for attachment, the way we show it differs. (然而尽管我们都拥有这种依恋需要,但是我们表现出来的方式是不一样的。)
- joining, enclosure ([机]附件;依恋;连接物;扣押财产)
97. attendance
出席人数
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attendance at (出席)
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in attendance (出席;值班;负责)
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attendance record (考勤记录)
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school attendance (就学;就读;上课出勤)
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attendance rate (出勤率)
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check on work attendance (考勤)
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We have an average attendance of 4,000 fans per game. (每场比赛平均有4,000名球迷来观战。)
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Last year’s fair saw attendance figures of 32,000. (去年的交易会有3.2万人参加。)
- presence (出席;到场;出席人数)
98. attending
主治医生
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attending physician (主治医生)
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attending doctor (主治医师)
99. bandwagon
'bænd,wæɡən 时尚,潮流
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on the bandwagon (口语站在有胜利希望的一边,支持占优势的一方;看风使舵,随大流)
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jump on the bandwagon (站在某人一边;赶浪头;一窝蜂做某事,跟随潮流)
- The keep-fit bandwagon started rolling in the mid-80s. (八十年代中期,健身热潮开始涌现。)
- mode, fashion, popularity, style, prevalence (流行,时尚;乐队花车)