1900_新东方TOEFL词汇
1900. freeze
结冰, 凝固
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freeze drying (冷冻干燥)
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deep freeze (n. 冷藏箱;冰箱;冷藏库)
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freeze in (用冰冻上;冰封)
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freeze up (冻结;怯场)
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freeze to death (vt. 冻死)
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until hell freezes over ([俚语]永远,无论到什么时候也)
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freeze over (vt. 冻结;使…凝固;全面结冰)
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wage freeze ([经]工资冻结)
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freeze thawing (冻融)
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when hell freezes over (永远不会;地狱结冰;绝不可能的事)
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freeze out (冻死;逼走)
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credit freeze (信用冻结)
- The lake had frozen overnight. (湖上一夜之间就结了冰。)
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rigidize ([物]冻结;冷冻;僵硬)
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solidification, coagulation ([物]冻结;凝固)
1901. inevitably
不可避免地, 必然地
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The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions. (该决定必然导致政治局势的紧张。)
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Inevitably, the situation did not please everyone. (这种状况必定不能让所有人都感到满意。)
- necessarily, ineluctably (不可避免地;必然地)
1902. estimate
评估, 估计; 估价
估计; 估价; 评价, 看法
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estimate for (对…估价、估计)
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cost estimate (成本估算,成本估计)
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rough estimate (粗略的估计,粗算)
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conservative estimate (审慎估计,保守估计)
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best estimate (最佳估计;最佳推算数)
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budget estimate (概算;预算)
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preliminary estimate (初步估计)
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point estimate ([数]点估计;点估计值)
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estimate at (估计…,估计有…)
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unbiased estimate (不偏估计,公正(无偏)评价)
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regression estimate (回归估计)
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interval estimate (区间估计)
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final estimate (最终估计;结算)
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biased estimate (偏差估计)
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optimistic estimate (乐观估计;最乐观时间)
- Try to estimate how many steps it will take to get to a close object. (估计一下需要多少步才能到达一个近距目标。)
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evaluate, guess at (估计,估价)
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computation, appraisal, calculation, assessment, judgment, evaluation, viewpoint (估计,估价;判断,看法)
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measure, value, score (估计,[数]估量;判断,评价)
1903. brand
铭刻;打烙印于;丑化,败坏名声
商标, 品牌; 类型; 烙印
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famous brand (名牌,名牌货)
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brand new (全新的;崭新的)
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brand image (品牌形象)
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brand name (商标名称)
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own brand (自有品牌;使用自己商标的商品)
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international brand (国际品牌)
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brand awareness (品牌意识,商标意识;品牌知名度)
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name brand (名牌)
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new brand (新品牌;新牌子)
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national brand (全国性品牌;国家名牌;全国性商标)
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brand effect (品牌效应)
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brand extension (品牌延伸)
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brand equity (品牌价值;商标资产)
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brand loyalty (品牌忠诚度)
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brand identity (品牌识别;品牌标识;品牌同一性)
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brand recognition (品牌认知;品牌识别)
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brand name products (品牌产品)
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private brand (私人品牌)
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brand new day (崭新的一天(电影名称))
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local brand (区域性品牌)
- The owner couldn't be bothered to brand the cattle. (主人懒得给这牛打上烙印。)
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heart, stamp (铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于)
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logo, label ([贸易]商标,[经管]牌子;烙印)
1904. suspension
暂停; 暂缓, 推迟, 延期; 悬架; 悬浮液
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suspension bridge (吊桥)
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suspension system (悬架系统;悬挂装置;悬浮体系;悬置系统)
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in suspension (悬浮中)
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magnetic suspension (磁悬浮,悬磁性)
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active suspension (主动制导悬架系统(一种由计算机控制的机动车悬架系统))
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cell suspension (细胞悬液)
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air suspension (空气弹簧;空气悬挂)
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suspension culture (悬浮培养;悬液培养)
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front suspension (前悬架;前悬挂;前悬吊)
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rear suspension (后悬吊,后悬吊系统;后悬挂装置)
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independent suspension (独立悬架,独立悬挂)
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active suspension system (主动式悬吊系统;主动减震系统)
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suspension cable (悬缆;吊索)
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aqueous suspension (水性悬液;水中悬浮体)
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suspension arm (吊臂;弹簧吊架;悬挂臂,悬架臂)
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spring suspension (弹簧悬置)
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suspension bearing (吊轴承)
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temporary suspension (暂停)
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pulp suspension (浆料悬浮液)
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suspension spring (悬簧;托簧;悬挂弹簧)
- He received a six-month suspension for unprofessional behaviour. (他因有违职业道德的行为被停职六个月。)
- hang, weighing ([化工][化学][物化]悬浮;暂停;停职)
1905. proposal
提议, 建议; 求婚
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proposal for sth (预备;提建议)
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design proposal (设计方案,设计建议)
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to table a proposal (提出建议)
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technical proposal (技术建议;工程建议书)
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rationalization proposal (合理化建议)
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marriage proposal (求婚)
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budget proposal (概算;预算草案;拟议预算)
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business proposal (商业计划书;投资建议书)
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make a proposal (求婚;提议)
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proposal form (n. 投保单)
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draft proposal (建议草案;提案草案)
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research proposal (研究计划)
- The president is to put forward new proposals for resolving the country's constitutional crisis. (总统将提出解决国家宪法危机的新议案。)
- suggestion, advice, offer, instance, recommendation (提议,建议;求婚)
1906. vibrant
振动的; 活泼的, 充满生气的
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Hong Kong is a vibrant, fascinating city. (香港是座富有活力的迷人城市。)
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She was sixteen, young and vibrant. (她16岁,年轻又充满活力。)
- oscillatory, libratory ([力]振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的)
1907. insanity
精神错乱, 疯狂
- The court acquitted Campbell on the grounds of temporary insanity. (法庭以坎贝尔一时精神错乱为由判他无罪释放。)
- madness, flightiness (疯狂;精神错乱;[内科]精神病;愚顽)
1908. recreation
娱乐, 消遣
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recreation center (娱乐中心;康乐中心;游憩中心)
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recreation area (儿童游戏场;康乐用地;游憩用地)
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recreation industry (旅游产业)
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recreation room (n. 娱乐室;康乐室)
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recreation park (休憩公园)
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recreation centre (康乐中心;体育运动中心)
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recreation ground (游乐场)
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His only recreations are drinking beer and watching football. (他唯一的消遣就是喝啤酒和看足球比赛。)
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the provision of recreation facilities (提供娱乐设施)
- entertainment, pleasure, sport, occupation, amusement (娱乐;消遣;休养)
1909. skyscraper
摩天楼
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With a few exceptions, the technique for building a skyscraper is similar whether you are in Europe or you are in Singapore. (除了少数特例外,不管是在欧洲还是新加坡,建造一幢摩天楼的技术大体上是相似的。)
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He talks of building a "digital skyscraper, " a company whose services are so indispensable that someday we will look back and wonder how we managed to do without it. (他谈到要建立一座“数字摩天楼”,其服务是如此不可或缺,以至于会有那么一天,我们将怀疑没有它到底还能做什么。)
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"However, given high costs of building skyscrapers and maintaining them as well as environmental problems they cause, government should be cautious in approving skyscraper projects, " he said. (然而,考虑到摩天楼的高造价和高维护费用,以及由此引起的环境问题,政府应谨慎批准摩天楼项目。)
1910. portable
轻便的, 便携的, 手提式的
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portable computer (便携式计算机)
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portable equipment (便携设备,手提设备;移动式设备)
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portable type (便携式)
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portable water (饮料水;便携式水)
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portable system (可移植系统)
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portable radio (便携式收音机;便携式无线电台)
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portable machine (轻便机器)
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portable electronics (便携式电子设备)
- a portable radio (便携式收音机)
- luggable, hand-held (手提的,便携式的;轻便的)
1911. ancient
古代的; 古老的
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ancient chinese (n. 古代汉语)
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ancient times (古代,上古)
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ancient city (古都)
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in ancient times (在古代)
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ancient greece (古希腊)
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ancient greek (古希腊语)
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ancient civilization (古代文明;远古文化)
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ancient and modern (古今)
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ancient capital (古都)
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ancient history (西洋古代史;家喻户晓的故事)
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ancient literature (古代文学)
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ancient architecture (古代建筑)
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ancient world (远古世纪)
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ancient chinese literature (中国古代文学)
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ancient relics (古代遗物,古迹)
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ancient coins (古钱币)
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history of ancient china (中国古代史)
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ancient porcelain (古瓷)
- the ancient civilizations of Asia (亚洲的古代文明)
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old, aged, advanced (古代的;古老的,过时的;年老的)
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elder, old folk (古代人;老人)
1912. antecede
居先; 高于
- overcome, exceed, cap (在...之前;胜过;居前)
1913. squirrel
松鼠
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squirrel cage (adj. 鼠笼式的)
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ground squirrel ([动]地松鼠)
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flying squirrel ([动]鼯鼠)
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It was moving fast like a squirrel, but it was as loud as a bear. (它像松鼠一样快速的移动但那声音却像是熊发出的似的。)
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" The small squirrel said:" you do not believe, my hand tigers can do card, you see, say it proud raised the yellow soft tigers. (小松鼠说:“你们不信,我手里的老虎毛可以做证,你们看,说着它骄傲的举起了那根黄澄澄的松软的老虎毛。”)
- store, reposit (贮藏)
1914. cognitive
认识的; 认知的, 有感知的
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cognitive psychology (认知心理学)
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cognitive linguistics (认知语言学)
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cognitive function (认知功能)
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cognitive process (认识过程;认知历程)
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cognitive ability (认知能力)
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cognitive science (认知科学;理性科学;认识科学)
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cognitive structure (认知结构)
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cognitive development (认知发展)
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cognitive theory (认知理论)
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cognitive style (认知方式;认知类型)
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cognitive therapy (认知疗法)
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cognitive skills (认知能力)
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cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学;神经系统学)
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cognitive map (认知地图)
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cognitive learning (认知学习)
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cognitive dissonance (认知失调;认知悔误;内心冲突)
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cognitive strategy (认知策略)
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cognitive disorder (认知障碍)
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cognitive domain (认知领域)
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cognitive competence (认知能力)
- cognitive psychology (认知心理学)
- recognitive, epistemic (认知的,认识的)
1915. attorney
辩护律师; 代理人
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power of attorney (委托书)
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attorney general (司法部长;首席检察官)
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district attorney (美国地方检察官(略作D.A.))
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patent attorney (代理人,专利代理人;专利律师;特许弁护士)
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letter of attorney (n. 委任状)
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prosecuting attorney (检察官)
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state attorney ((美)州检察官)
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attorney at law (律师)
- ...a prosecuting attorney. (…一位公诉律师。)
- lawyer, deputy, agent, factor, secondary (律师;[法]代理人)
1916. adopt
采用; 收养, 领养; 正式通过, 批准
- adopt various methods (采取不同办法)
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Sally was adopted when she was four. (莎莉四岁时被人收养。)
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The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt. (那对夫妇自己无法生育,但希望领养孩子。)
- assume, take in sth (采取;接受;收养;正式通过)
1917. expire
到期, 期满, 失效; 断气, 去世
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My passport expires next week. (我的护照下周就到期了。)
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players whose contracts expire this summer (合约于今年夏天到期的运动员)
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die, drop, determine, finish, pass (期满;终止;死亡;呼气)
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breathe out, exsufflate (呼出(空气))
1918. viral
病毒的, 病毒引起的
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viral hepatitis (病毒性肝炎)
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viral infection (病毒性感染)
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viral myocarditis (病毒性心肌炎)
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viral encephalitis (病毒性脑炎)
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viral marketing (病毒式营销;传染式营销)
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viral genome (病毒基因组)
- a viral infection (病毒感染)
1919. oppose
反对, 对抗
- Congress is continuing to oppose the President’s health care budget. (国会继续反对总统的医疗保健预算。)
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combat, sit down on (反对;对抗,抗争)
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object, sit down on (反对)
1920. singular
单数的; 突出的, 卓越的; 异常的
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singular value (n. 奇异值;奇值)
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singular value decomposition (奇异值分解)
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singular point (奇点;奇异点)
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singular integral (奇异积分,奇解)
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singular number (n. 单数)
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singular function (奇异函数)
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singular solution (奇异解)
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the singular form of the noun (该名词的单数形式)
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If the subject is singular, use a singular verb. (如果主语是单数,就用单数动词。)
- remarkable, extraordinary, novel, wonder, exquisite (单数的;单一的;非凡的;[数]异常的)
1921. device
装置, 设备; 手法, 策略
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control device (控制装置,控制器)
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medical device (医疗设备;医疗器材;人体医疗配件)
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protection device (保护设备;防护设备)
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electronic device (电子设施,电子器件;电子仪表)
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storage device ([计]存储设备)
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measuring device (测量仪器,量测工具;测量仪表)
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mechanical device (机械装置)
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test device (测试装置)
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testing device (测试装置)
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device driver (设备驱动程序)
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safety device (安全装置;保护装置;保险装置;安全防护装置;过载安全装置)
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display device ([计]显示设备)
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protective device (防护装置)
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mobile device (移动设备,移动装置;行动装置)
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driving device (传动装置)
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monitoring device (监视装置)
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feeding device (喂送装置;装料装置)
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input device (输入设备)
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power device (功率器件;功率元件;电源设备;用电装置)
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semiconductor device (半导体器件;半导体装置;半导体掐)
- modern labour-saving devices (省力的现代设备)
- apparatus, installation, strategy, unit, gear ([机]装置;策略;图案)
1922. evaporation
蒸发; 消失, 不存在
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evaporation loss (蒸气损失)
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vacuum evaporation (真空蒸发;真空蒸镀;真空涂膜)
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evaporation rate (蒸发率;蒸发速度)
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evaporation temperature (n. 蒸发温度)
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evaporation heat (蒸发热;汽化热)
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flash evaporation ([化]闪蒸)
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evaporation capacity (蒸发(容)量,蒸发能力;蒸发率)
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thermal evaporation (热蒸发)
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amount of evaporation (蒸发量)
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evaporation area (蒸发面积)
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potential evaporation (位蒸发,潜在蒸发)
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electron beam evaporation (电子束蒸发)
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evaporation pan (蒸发皿)
- extinction, vaporization ([物][化学]蒸发;消失)
1923. commentary
评论, 注释; 实况报道, 现场解说
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commentary on (对……的评论)
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running commentary (当场连续评述)
- Commentary is by Tom Ferris. (由汤姆•费里斯现场解说。)
- notes, explanation, legend (评论;注释;评注;说明)
1924. homosexuality
同性恋; 同性恋行为
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At that time, I thought homosexuality is what hooligans do . (那时候,我认为同性恋都是些流氓痞子。)
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"In anthropology, you can't equate third gender with homosexuality, " he said. (“在人类学中,你不能将同性恋和第三性别混同,”他说。)
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Of course homosexuality is bad for society. If everyone were homosexual, there would be no society. (同性恋当然是危害社会的。要是每个人都是同性恋,那就没有社会了。)
- uranism ([心理]同性恋)
1925. minus
减的,负的
减
负数;减号;不足
- minus one (关闭一声部模式;零下一度)
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‘Any minus points ?’ ‘Well, the engine is rather noisy.’ (“有什么毛病吗?”“嗯,发动机噪音很大。”)
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On the minus side, there is no free back-up service if things go wrong. (不足之处是出了问题没有免费的技术支持服务。)
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less ([数]减,减去)
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shortage, short of, lack, insufficient ([数]负号,减号;不足;负数)
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negative, nonpositive (减的;负的)
1926. conservative
保守的,守旧的;不时新的,传统的
保守派
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conservative party (n. 保守党)
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conservative estimate (审慎估计,保守估计)
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conservative government (保守政权)
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conservative force (保守力;守恒力)
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conservative design (保守设计)
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a very conservative attitude to education (对待教育非常守旧的态度)
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conservative views (保守的观点)
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standpat, backward-looking (保守的)
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old guard, pontificator (保守派,守旧者)
1927. skeletal
骨骼的, 骸骨的; 梗概的; 轮廓的
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skeletal muscle (n. 骨骼肌;骨肌)
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skeletal system (骨骼系统;骨系统)
- Police discovered the skeletal remains of a corpse buried near the river. (警方发现了埋在河边的一具尸骨。)
- boned, osteal ([生物]骨骼的,像骨骼的;骸骨的;骨瘦如柴的)
1928. seep
漏出, 渗漏
- seep into (渗入;影响到;流入)
- Radioactive water had seeped into underground reservoirs. (放射性水已渗入了地下蓄水池。)
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leak (漏;渗出)
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springlet (小泉;水陆两用的吉普车)
1929. unsubstantiated
未经证实的, 无事实根据的
- unsubstantiated allegations of child abuse (未经证实的虐待儿童的指控)
- uncorroborated, unattested (未经证实的,无事实根据的)
1930. cabin
小屋; 机舱, 船舱
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cabin crew (航班空服人员)
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log cabin (n. 小木屋)
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cabin fever (幽居病)
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uncle tom's cabin (汤姆叔叔的小屋(小说))
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passenger cabin (客舱,旅客座舱)
- a log cabin (原木小屋)
- shed, cottage (小屋;[船]客舱;船舱)
1931. seem
好像, 似乎
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seem to be (看来,好像)
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seem like (看起来像;看上去像…;好像…)
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seem to do (似乎做;好像)
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Ann didn’t seem very sure. (安看来并不十分肯定。)
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It seems a foolish decision now. (现在看来这是一个愚蠢的决定。)
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It seems like you’re catching a cold, Taylor. (你好像感冒了,泰勒。)
-
‘So Bill’s leaving her?’ ‘ So it seems (= that seems to be true ) .’ (“这么说来,比尔要离开她?”“好像是这样。”)
- appear to (似乎;像是;装作)
1932. apprenticeship
学徒的身份; 学徒的年限
-
He’s serving an apprenticeship as a printer. (他现在是一名印刷工学徒。)
-
a five-year apprenticeship (五年学徒期)
1933. disturb
打扰; 搅乱, 弄乱; 使烦恼, 使不安
- do not disturb (请勿打扰(美国连续剧))
-
My hormone balance is disturbed by my pregnancy. (怀孕打乱了我的荷尔蒙平衡。)
-
New procedures often disturb the comfortable habits of the workforce. (新的程序常常会打乱职工习以为常的习惯。)
-
let, violate (打扰;妨碍;使不安;弄乱;使恼怒)
-
intrude upon, hinder from (打扰;妨碍)
1934. persist
坚持; 持续
- persist in (坚持;固执于)
- ‘I don’t think it’s right,’ John persisted. (“我认为那不对。”约翰坚持说道。)
-
stay, abide (存留,坚持;持续,固执)
-
iterate (坚持说,反复说)
1935. pump
泵
抽
-
heat pump (热泵,蒸汽泵)
-
water pump (抽水机,水泵)
-
centrifugal pump (离心抽机,离心泵)
-
pump in (用泵吸入)
-
oil pump (油泵;机油泵;送油泵)
-
vacuum pump ([机]真空泵)
-
pump station (泵站)
-
screw pump (螺旋泵,螺杆泵)
-
hydraulic pump (液压泵,水力泵)
-
gear pump (齿轮泵)
-
submersible pump (潜水泵;水下泵)
-
jet pump (喷射泵,射流泵)
-
fuel pump (燃油泵)
-
injection pump (喷射泵,注射泵)
-
piston pump (活塞泵)
-
pump power (泵耗电力,泵浦功率;泵功率)
-
pump body (泵体)
-
air pump (气泵,抽气机)
-
pump unit (泵机组;泵设备)
-
pump efficiency (n. 泵效;泵效率;水泵效率)
- ...pumps that circulate the fuel around in the engine. (…使燃料在发动机内循环的压泵。)
-
pull for (打气;用抽水机抽…)
-
inflator ([机]泵,抽水机;打气筒)
1936. pierce
刺穿, 刺破; 穿孔, 打眼
-
pierce through (突破,穿刺入)
-
pierce brosnan (皮尔斯·布鲁斯南(美国电影演员))
-
Steam the corn until it can easily be pierced with a fork. (把玉米蒸到用叉子可以轻易扎透。)
-
Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung. (罗丝被子弹射穿肺部,接受了紧急手术。)
-
cut through, transpierce (刺穿;洞察;响彻;深深地打动)
-
come into, go into, get into, enter into (进入;透入)
1937. calendar
日历, 挂历, 月历; 日程表
-
lunar calendar (n. 阴历)
-
calendar year (历年)
-
desk calendar (台历;台历芯)
-
chinese calendar (农历;阴历)
-
gregorian calendar (公历;格里高里历)
-
calendar month (历月)
-
solar calendar (阳历)
-
calendar date (历日期)
-
calendar day (历日;日历日)
-
academic calendar (校历)
-
perpetual calendar (万年历)
-
julian calendar (公历;罗马儒略历)
-
desktop calendar (桌上日历)
- There was a calendar on the wall above, with large squares around the dates. (墙的上方曾有一本日历,日期框在大方格里。)
- daily schedule, ephemeris (日历;[天]历法;[管理]日程表)
1938. patriarch
家长, 族长
- The patriarch of the house, Mr. Jawad, rules it with a ferocity renowned throughout the neighbourhood. (那户人家的家长贾瓦德先生治家严苛,名闻乡里。)
- author, paterfamilias (家长;族长;元老;创始人)
1939. intern
实习生
拘禁, 软禁
- ...a medical intern. (…一位实习医生。)
-
trainee, probationer (实习生,实习医师)
-
hold, detain (拘留,软禁)
1940. sensual
感觉的, 感官的; 肉欲的; 耽于感官享受的
- the sensual pleasure of good food (美食的感官享受)
- lay, mundane (感觉的;肉欲的;世俗的;感觉论的)
1941. righteous
正直的, 公正的; 正义的, 正当的
- He was full of righteous indignation about the attack. (他对这次袭击事件义愤填膺。)
- judicial, straight, just, square (正义的;正直的;公正的)
1942. speculate
推测; 深思, 沉思; 投机, 做投机买卖
- speculate on (v. 推测;考虑)
- She refused to speculate. (她拒绝猜测。)
-
guess, venture (推测;投机;思索)
-
understand, conclude (推断)
1943. closet
隐蔽的; 私下的, 秘密的
把…关在房间里
橱,壁橱
- water closet (厕所;抽水马桶)
- Don’t let her closet herself away in her room. (别让她把自己关在房间里。)
-
storage wall, built-in wardrobe (壁橱;议事室,密室;小房间)
-
secret, private, underground, theoretic, chamber (秘密的,私下的;空谈的)
1944. heed
注意, 留心
- If she had only heeded my warnings , none of this would have happened. (要是她当初听从我的警告,这一切都不会发生。)
-
take care of, mind you, be mindful of (注意,留心)
-
watching, take care of, be mindful of, mind you (注意,留心)
1945. adorn
装饰, 装扮
- His watercolour designs adorn a wide range of books. (他的水彩设计装饰着各种各样的书籍。)
- paint, hang (装饰;使生色)
1946. monster
巨大的, 庞大的
怪物;庞然大物;恶魔
-
loch ness monster (尼斯湖水怪(相传在尼斯湖出现的一种巨型怪兽))
-
green-eyed monster (n. 嫉妒)
-
sea monster (n. 海怪)
-
a monster cat (巨型猫)
-
The song was a monster hit. (这首歌大受欢迎。)
-
giant, bugbear (怪物;巨人,巨兽;残忍的人)
-
huge, enormous, tremendous, massive, macro (巨大的,庞大的)
1947. cement
水泥;胶合剂
巩固; 使团结
-
in cement ([美国口语]坚定不移的,不妥协的)
-
cement concrete (水泥混凝土)
-
cement industry (水泥工业)
-
portland cement (波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥)
-
cement mortar (水泥砂浆;水泥灰浆)
-
cement plant (水泥厂;油漆厂)
-
cement slurry ([建]水泥渣)
-
cement paste (水泥浆)
-
cement clinker (水泥熟料;水泥熔渣;水泥烧块)
-
bulk cement (散装水泥)
-
cement kiln (水泥窑)
-
slag cement (矿渣水泥;熔渣水泥)
-
bone cement (骨水泥;骨接合剂)
-
cement content (水泥含量;洋灰含量)
-
plastic cement ([化]塑料粘结剂)
-
water cement ratio ([化]水灰比)
-
cement mill (水泥厂;水泥磨机)
-
ordinary portland cement (普通硅酸盐水泥)
-
fiber cement (n. 纤维水泥)
-
silicate cement (硅粘固粉;硅酸盐胶)
- a bag of cement (一袋水泥)
-
enhance, muscle, piece, consolidate, joint (巩固,加强;用水泥涂;接合)
-
jointing compound ([建]水泥;[胶粘]接合剂)
1948. subway
地铁
-
subway station (n. 地铁车站)
-
take the subway (乘地铁)
-
subway system (地铁网)
-
by subway (乘坐地铁)
-
pedestrian subway (地下人行道)
-
the New York City subway (纽约市的地铁)
-
a crowded subway station (拥挤的地铁站)
-
Boston has the oldest subway system in the US. (波士顿拥有美国最老的地铁运输系统。)
-
sub, metro ([铁路]地铁;地道)
-
tube ([铁路]乘地铁)
1949. scourge
鞭笞;使受苦,折磨
鞭子; 祸害; 鞭笞
- Economic anarchy scourged the post-war world. (经济混乱蹂躏战后世界。)
-
hide, whip up (鞭打;蹂躏;严斥;痛斥)
-
disaster, misfortune (鞭;灾祸;鞭子;苦难的根源)
1950. acquaint
使认识; 使熟悉
- acquaint with (熟悉;使认识,使了解)
- I need to acquaint myself with the new regulations. (我得熟悉一下新的规章制度。)
- familiarize (使熟悉;使认识)
1951. atrophy
萎缩
- muscular atrophy (肌肉萎缩)
-
More exercises can avoid atrophy of cartilage. (多加锻炼可以避免软骨萎缩。)
-
If you don't exercise your muscles, they weaken and atrophy. (如果不锻炼你的肌肉,肌力就削弱和萎缩了。)
-
Some areas of the brain, if not stimulated, will atrophy and die. (大脑的某些区域如果没有受到促进就会萎缩更甚死亡。)
-
depauperation, stunting ([病理]萎缩,萎缩症;发育停止)
-
die back ([病理]萎缩;虚脱)
1952. pulp
使成浆状
纸浆; 浆状物
-
paper pulp (n. 纸浆)
-
wood pulp (木浆;木纤维;木质纸浆)
-
straw pulp (草纸浆)
-
kraft pulp (牛皮纸浆;硫酸盐纸浆)
-
dental pulp (牙髓)
-
pulp mill (纸浆厂)
-
mechanical pulp (机械纸浆;木(制纸)浆)
-
fruit pulp (果肉;果肉块;果泥)
-
white pulp (白髓)
-
pulp board (n. 浆板;纸浆板)
-
beet pulp (甜菜浆;甜菜粕)
-
pulp suspension (浆料悬浮液)
-
pulp chamber ([解]髓室)
-
pulp fiction (低俗小说(电影名称);黑色追缉令)
-
sand pulp (砂浆)
-
red pulp (脾髓;红髓)
- pulped apples (苹果泥)
- sarcocarp (纸浆;[食品]果肉;黏浆状物质)
1953. undergraduate
大学肄业生; 大学本科生
-
undergraduate course (本科课程)
-
undergraduate education (大学本科教育)
-
undergraduate degree (学士学位)
-
undergraduate student (本科生)
-
undergraduate program (本科课程)
-
undergraduate college (大学本科;颁发学士学位的学院)
-
undergraduate study (本科学习;大学教育)
- second-year undergraduates (大学二年级学生)
-
academic, college student, university student (大学生;大学肄业生)
-
collegiate (大学生的)
1954. antibiotic
抗菌的
-
antibiotic resistance (抗生素抗性;抗菌素耐药性)
-
broad spectrum antibiotic (广谱抗菌素)
-
Thatreally sped up the development of penicillin as an antibiotic. (这确实加快了青霉素作为抗生素的发展。)
-
The efficiency of testing at the tanker level is why regulations require such testing for antibiotic residues. (在罐水平检测的效率是为什么条例要求这类抗生素残留检测的原因。)
-
germproof ([药][微]抗生的;抗菌的)
-
microbiotic, bacteriophage ([药]抗生素,[微]抗菌素)
1955. joint
连接的; 共同的, 共有的, 联合的
关节,骨节;接头,接合处
-
joint venture (合资企业;联合经营)
-
knee joint (膝关节;弯头结合)
-
welded joint (焊缝;焊接节点)
-
joint stock (合股)
-
welding joint (焊接接头;焊接接合)
-
butt joint (对接;对接接头)
-
joint effort (共同努力)
-
sino-foreign joint venture (n. 中外合资企业;中外合资经营)
-
expansion joint (伸缩缝;补偿器;伸缩接头;膨胀节或缝)
-
hip joint (髋关节)
-
joint action (联合行动;[机]接合动作;接合作用)
-
joint venture enterprise (合资企业)
-
universal joint (万向节;万向接头)
-
joint stock company (股份公司)
-
joint statement (联合声明)
-
solder joint (软焊接合;钎焊接头)
-
joint operation (联合经营;同时操作)
-
weld joint (焊缝)
-
joint investment (联合投资)
-
ankle joint (踝关节)
-
The two ministers have issued a joint statement. (两位部长发布了一项联合声明。)
-
Both companies are involved in the joint development of a new medium-sized car. (两家公司联合开发一款新的中型汽车。)
-
The meal was a joint effort(= two or more people worked on it together ). (这顿饭是大家一起做的。)
-
Manchester United and Arsenal are joint favourites to win the title (= are thought to have the same chance of winning ). (曼联和阿森纳均为夺冠的热门球队。)
-
Both parties must sign the form if the account is to be in joint names(= belong to two named people ). (如果这是联名账户的话,双方都必须在表格上签名。)
-
seam, junction ([解剖]关节;[建]接缝;接合处,接合点;(牛,羊等的腿)大块肉)
-
mutual, corporate, common, linked, connected (共同的;连接的;联合的,合办的)
-
cement, piece, couple (连接,贴合;[建]接合;使有接头)
1956. separate
分离; 划分; 区别; 分居
分离的; 个别的
-
separate from (分离;把…和…分开)
-
separate out (析出;分出)
-
separate ways (分别,分道扬镳)
-
separate cover (另函;分散掩蔽)
-
separate into (把…分成,分离成)
-
separate system (分流制)
-
separate application (分别敷用;分离上胶;分别申请)
-
separate legal entity (独立法人;独立法定单位实体)
-
separate unit (分立单元)
-
separate entity (单独实体;独立单位)
-
separate property (私有财产;单独支配的财产)
-
This will keep your dressing from separating. (这样可以防止调味汁分层。)
-
First, separate the eggs (= divide the white part from the yellow part ) . (第一步,把蛋清和蛋黄分开。)
-
split, divorce (使分离;使分开;使分居)
-
come between, to break (分开;隔开;分居)
-
alone, independent, divided, isolated, sole (单独的;分开的)
-
partition, fall-away (分开;抽印本)
1957. reasonable
合理的, 适当的; 通情达理的; 公道的
-
reasonable price (合理价格;价格公道)
-
reasonable distribution (合理级配)
-
reasonable time (合理期限;适当的时间)
-
reasonable profit (合理的利润)
-
reasonable value (合理价值;合理值)
-
reasonable doubt (合理的怀疑)
-
reasonable expenses (合理费用)
-
reasonable excuse (合理解释,合理的辩解)
-
a reasonable request (合情合理的要求)
-
Be reasonable — you can’t expect her to do all the work on her own! (要讲道理,你不能指望她一个人干所有的工作!)
-
I thought it was a perfectly reasonable (= completely reasonable ) question. (我认为这个问题问得很有道理。)
-
He had reasonable grounds (= good reasons but no proof ) for believing the law had been broken. (他有合理的根据认为有人违法了。)
- rational, logical, possible, just, legitimate (合理的,公道的;通情达理的)
1958. endangered
濒危的, 将要灭绝的
-
I think there are many endangered animals in the world, such as tigers and pandas. (我认为有许多濒临灭绝的动物,如老虎和大熊猫,在世界。)
-
I think our government should punish those people severely who kill the rare animals. It is our duty to protect the endangered animals. (我认为政府应该严厉惩罚那些捕杀稀有动物的人。保护濒临灭绝的动物是我们的责任。)
-
However, it holds six language families, two of which have only one remaining language, and almost all of the languages here are endangered. (然而,它拥有六个语族,其中两个语族仅剩下一种语言,而且这儿几乎所有的语言都濒临灭绝。)
1959. haphazard
偶然的, 任意的; 无计划的, 无秩序的
- Educational provision in the country is haphazard. (该国提供的教育毫无计划性。)
-
occasional, casual (偶然的;随便的;无计划的)
-
casualness, accidentalism (偶然;偶然事件)
-
accidentally, fortuitously (偶然地;随意地)
1960. wick
蜡烛芯; 灯芯
- A tallow candle with a rush stem as the wick. (一种以灯芯草茎为灯芯的动物脂肪作成的蜡烛。)
- lampwick (灯芯,蜡烛心)
1961. biannual
一年两次的
- a biannual report (半年度报告)
- semiannual (一年两次的)
1962. elicit
得出, 引出; 诱出
- Mr. Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response. (诺里斯先生说他希望他的要求会引起积极的回应。)
- premise, attract, produce, cause, operate (抽出,引出;引起)
1963. relegate
使贬职, 使降级; 放逐, 贬谪
- Might it not be better to relegate the king to a purely ceremonial function? (使该国王降级到一种纯粹礼仪性的职能难道不更好吗?)
- put in, hand in (把降低到;归入;提交)
1964. ambiguity
模棱两可的话; 歧义
-
ambiguity function (模糊度函数;含糊函数)
-
role ambiguity (角色模糊;角色不明)
-
lexical ambiguity (词法多义性;词法的歧义性)
- legal ambiguities (法律上含混不清的地方)
- vagueness, opacity (含糊;不明确;暧昧;模棱两可的话)
1965. trivial
琐碎的, 微不足道的
- trivial matters (无关重要的事情(trivial matter的复数形式))
-
a trivial sum (一笔极小的金额)
-
Her feelings for Simon seemed trivial by comparison . (相比之下,她对西蒙的感情就显得微不足道了。)
- small, unimportant (不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的)
1966. awareness
知道, 意识, 察觉
-
awareness of (意识到)
-
environmental awareness (环境意识;环保意识)
-
brand awareness (品牌意识,商标意识;品牌知名度)
-
risk awareness (风险意识)
-
strengthen the awareness (提高意识;强化意识)
-
self-protection awareness (自我保护意识)
-
global awareness (全球意识;完整的意识,知觉)
- Health officials have tried to raise awareness (= improve people’s knowledge ) about AIDS. (卫生部官员努力提高人们对艾滋病的认识。)
- consciousness, knowledge, cognition (意识,认识;明白,知道)
1967. postcard
明信片
- picture postcard (美术明信片)
- Don’t forget to send us a postcard! (别忘了给我们寄张明信片!)
- postal card (明信片)
1968. longevity
长寿; 寿命
- longevity hill (万寿山(北京密云))
- The ancient Chinese claimed that garlic promoted longevity. (中国古人说蒜能延寿。)
- age, macrobiosis (长寿,长命;[生物]寿命)
1969. military
军事的
[the ~]军队, 军方
-
military affairs (n. 军事;军务)
-
military training (军事训练;军训)
-
military service (兵役,军役)
-
military hospital (军事医院;陆军医院)
-
military power (军权;兵权)
-
military personnel (军事人员)
-
military commission (特别军事法庭)
-
military academy (n. 陆军军官学校)
-
military science (兵法)
-
military strategy (军事战略;军事战略学)
-
military base (军事基地)
-
military government (军政府;军事管制政府)
-
military aircraft (军用飞机)
-
military officer (军官)
-
military operation (军事作战,军事行动)
-
military logistics (军事物流;军事后勤学)
-
military exercise (军事演习)
-
military parade (阅兵;军事博览)
-
military uniform (军装)
-
military coup (军事政变)
-
a military helicopter (军用直升机)
-
military equipment (军事设备)
-
The government has threatened to take military action if the rebels do not withdraw from the area. (政府警告说,如果叛乱分子不从该地区撤出,就要采取军事行动。)
-
The United States is prepared to use military force to achieve its aims. (美国准备动用武力达成目的。)
-
a raid by European military forces (欧洲军事力量发动的袭击)
-
martial, soldierly (军事的;军人的;适于战争的)
-
force, soldier, battalion (军队;军人)
1970. reluctant
不情愿的, 勉强的
- reluctant to help (不情愿帮忙)
- She gave a reluctant smile. (她勉强笑了笑。)
- narrow, unwilling (不情愿的;勉强的;顽抗的)
1971. conscientious
凭良心的; 认真谨慎的, 一丝不苟的
-
A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home. (一个认真负责的教师可能会想着把工作带回家去做。)
-
a conscientious and hard-working student (勤勉刻苦的学生)
- serious, earnest (认真的;尽责的;本着良心的;小心谨慎的)
1972. coil
盘绕,卷
卷; 线圈
-
coil in (进线;盘管进入接头)
-
ignition coil (点火线圈;感应线圈;高压包)
-
fan coil (风机盘管)
-
induction coil (感应线圈;电感器)
-
wire coil (丝卷;线盘;盘条)
-
voice coil (音圈)
-
coil winding (圈式绕组)
-
coil current (线圈电流)
-
coil coating (卷材涂料;线圈涂膜;卷材连续涂覆)
-
coil spring (螺旋弹簧;圆簧;卷簧;盘簧)
-
spring coil (弹簧圈)
-
arc suppression coil (消弧线圈,灭弧线圈)
-
heating coil ([计]加热线圈;[化]加热盘管;[医]加热蟠管)
-
stator coil (定子线圈)
-
coil pipe (盘管;蛇管)
-
coil diameter (线盘直径)
-
deflection coil (偏转线圈;偏向线圈)
-
secondary coil (二次线圈,次级线圈)
-
field coil (激磁线圈)
-
choke coil (抗流线圈)
-
The snake coiled around the branches of the tree. (这条蛇盘在树枝上。)
-
Her long hair was coiled up in a plait at the top of her head. (她的长发编成辫子盘在头顶。)
-
He coiled the rope. (他把绳子卷了起来。)
-
entwine (盘绕,把…卷成圈)
-
book, volume, roll, winding ([电]线圈;卷)
-
wreathe (成圈状)
1973. authoritative
官方的; 权威性的, 可信的; 专断的, 命令式的
-
authoritative information (官方消息)
-
authoritative source (权威人士;权威来源)
- the most authoritative work on English surnames (有关英语姓氏的最权威著作)
- magisterial, cathedratic (有权威的;命令式的;当局的)
1974. ensure
确保, 担保, 保证
-
ensure public security (保安)
-
ensure from (v. 保护)
- facilities to ensure the safety of cyclists (确保骑车人安全的设施)
- undertake, assure, insure (保证,确保;使安全)
1975. organism
生物, 有机物; 有机体
-
living organism (生物体;活体)
-
marine organism (海洋生物)
-
aquatic organism (水生生物)
-
multicellular organism (多细胞生物)
-
pathogenic organism (致病(病原)生物)
-
All living organisms have to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. (一切生物都要适应环境条件的变化。)
-
Genes operate together in determining the characteristics of an individual organism. (基因的共同作用决定生物个体的特性。)
- living being, biosome (有机体;[生物]生物体;微生物)
1976. epidemic
流行性的, 传染性的
流行;流行病
-
epidemic situation (疫情)
-
epidemic prevention (防疫;疫病防治;流行病预防)
-
epidemic disease (流行病)
-
epidemic encephalitis b (流行性乙型脑炎)
-
epidemic hemorrhagic fever (流行性出血热)
-
epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (流行性脑脊膜炎)
-
cholera epidemic (霍乱蔓延)
- Over 500 people died during last year’s flu epidemic. (去年流感大暴发期间有五百多人死亡。)
-
popular, fashionable, going, ruling, pop ([医]流行的;传染性的)
-
infection, infectious disease (传染病;流行病;风尚等的流行)
1977. suppose
假设, 推测; 认为, 料想; 要不
-
There were many more deaths than was first supposed. (死亡人数远远超过最初的预料。)
-
(= it is unlikely that ) he’s lying. (没有理由认为他在说谎。)
-
expect, have, count, say, guess (假设;认为;让(虚拟语气);推想)
-
believe, imagine (猜想;料想)
1978. scruple
踌躇, 顾忌, 顾虑
- without scruple (肆无忌惮地,毫无顾忌地)
- a man with no moral scruples (一个道德上无所顾忌的男人)
-
suggestion, trace, drop (微量;顾虑;踌躇)
-
hesitate, crane (有顾忌;踌躇)
-
shy of (对…有顾虑)
1979. remarkable
显著的, 值得注意的; 非凡的
- remarkable development (显著发展)
-
She has made remarkable progress. (她取得了显著的进步。)
-
a remarkable coincidence (不寻常的巧合)
-
He’s a remarkable man . (他是个了不起的人。)
- excellent, prominent, extraordinary, significant, wonder (卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的)
1980. flavor
风味,滋味;调味品
给…调味
-
natural flavor (天然香辛料;天然调味料)
-
local flavor (地方风味)
-
artificial flavor (人造香味剂)
- sapor, palatability (情味,风味;香料;滋味)
1981. recess
休会期;休庭;暂停;凹室,
-
at recess (休息,在休息时间)
-
in recess (休息;暂停)
- Parliament’s summer recess (议会的夏季休会期)
-
break, cavity, rest (休息;休会;凹处)
-
relax, vacation (休息;休假)
1982. extract
取出; 提取, 榨取
提出物; 摘录, 选段; 精, 汁
-
extract from (从…提取,文件的摘录)
-
water extract (水提取物)
-
plant extract (植物提取物;植物浸出液)
-
yeast extract (酵母膏;酵母提取物)
-
aqueous extract (水提物)
-
grape seed extract (葡萄籽萃取物;葡萄籽精华)
-
ginseng extract (人参提取物,人参精华;人蔘萃取液,人参膏)
-
crude extract (n. 粗提物, 粗抽提物;粗提取液)
-
ginkgo biloba extract ([中草药]银杏叶提取物;银杏萃取液;银杏精华;银杏黄酮)
-
herbal extract (药草浸液;草本提取物;纯天然草本提炼精华)
-
solvent extract (溶剂抽提物;溶剂提取物)
-
cucumber extract (黄瓜精华;小黄瓜萃取液)
-
beef extract (n. 浓缩牛肉汁;牛肉膏)
-
ether extract (醚提取物)
-
rosemary extract (迷迭香萃取物;迷迭香精华)
-
licorice extract (甘草萃取,甘草浸液)
-
malt extract (麦精,麦芽膏)
-
liquid extract (流浸膏;流浸膏剂)
-
vanilla extract (香草精,香草萃)
-
alcoholic extract (酒精提出物,酒精萃取物)
- You’ll have to have that tooth extracted. (你得把那颗牙拔掉。)
-
abstract, milk, pop (提取;取出;[图情]摘录;榨取)
-
juice, succus (汁;[图情]摘录;[化学][药][化工]榨出物;选粹)
1983. outspoken
直言不讳的, 坦率的
- an outspoken critic of the education reforms (对教育改革直言不讳的批评者)
- honest, transparent, open (坦率的,直言不讳的)
1984. obscure
暗的,模糊的,朦胧的;费解的,晦涩的;不著名的,不重要的
使变模糊; 使费解
- obscure glass (不透茫璃;毛玻璃)
-
an obscure poet (名不见经传的诗人)
-
The details of his life remain obscure. (他的生平不详。)
-
fuzzy, dark, vague, lowering (模糊的;晦涩的;[光]昏暗的)
-
overcurtain, becloud (遮掩;使变暗;使难理解)
1985. noxious
有害的; 有毒的
-
noxious gas (有害气体)
-
noxious fumes (有毒炮烟)
- noxious fumes (有毒烟雾)
- harmful, toxic, evil, poisonous, rank (有害的;有毒的;败坏道德的;讨厌的)
1986. bolster
支持;改善
垫子, 枕垫
-
bolster up (援助,支持)
-
bolster plate (护索板;支承板;压床垫板)
- his efforts to bolster his career (他为发展事业所付出的努力)
-
holding, support, adhesion, backing (支持;长枕)
-
encourage, second, carry, hand, champion (支持;支撑)
1987. region
层; 地区, 区域; 范围
-
autonomous region (自治区)
-
administrative region (行政区域;行政分区)
-
special administrative region (特别行政区)
-
in the region of (adv. 在…的附近)
-
central region (中心区)
-
economic region (经济区)
-
border region (边界地区)
-
coastal region (沿岸区域,滨海区)
-
mediterranean region (地中海区;地中海地域)
-
local region (局部区域)
-
source region (源区;发源地)
-
feasible region ([化]可行域;[计]可行区域;[经]可行性区域)
-
arid region (干旱区域,干旱地区;干燥区)
-
polar region (极地;近极区域)
-
transition region ([植]过渡区;[物]渡越区)
-
active region (活动区;作用区)
-
critical region (临界区;判别区域)
-
geographic region (地理区域)
-
growing region (生长区)
-
peripheral region (周围区域)
- efforts to bring peace to the region (给这个地区带来和平的努力)
- area, extent, boundary, zone, spectrum, territory ([地理]地区;范围;[医]部位)
1988. deceive
欺骗
- deceive oneself (自欺;误解,想错)
- He had been deceived by a young man claiming to be the son of a millionaire. (他被一个自称是百万富翁之子的年轻人骗了。)
- take in sb, give the shaft (欺骗;行骗)
1989. ingenious
巧妙的; 聪明的, 机敏的; 善于创造发明的; 设计独特的, 别致的
-
Many fish have ingenious ways of protecting their eggs from predators. (很多鱼都有绝妙的方法来保护它们产的卵不被捕食者吃掉。)
-
an ingenious device (精巧的装置)
- prepared, clever (有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的)
1990. questionnaire
问卷, 调查表
-
questionnaire survey (问卷调查)
-
questionnaire method (问卷调查法;问卷法)
-
personality questionnaire (人格问卷)
- Teachers will be asked to fill in a questionnaire. (教师们将被要求填写一份调查问卷。)
1991. breakthrough
突破, 重大进展
-
breakthrough point (突破点;穿透点;贯穿点)
-
make a breakthrough (有重大发展或突破)
-
breakthrough technology (突破性技术)
- The company looks poised to make a significant breakthrough in China. (该公司看上去稳将在中国实现一次重大突破。)
- penetration (突破;突破性进展)
1992. snack
快餐, 小吃, 点心
-
snack food (小吃;零食;快餐食品)
-
snack bar (小吃店;快餐柜)
-
snack street (小吃街)
-
I grabbed a quick snack. (我赶紧吃了点零食。)
-
Drinks and light snacks are served at the bar. (酒吧里供应饮料和小吃。)
-
snack foods like crisps and peanuts (炸薯片和花生之类的小吃)
-
proportion, portion, percent, part, integral ([贸易]小吃,快餐;一份,部分)
-
nosh (吃快餐,吃点心)
1993. amphibious
两栖的; 水陆两用的
- amphibious creatures (两栖生物)
1994. imprint
使铭记, 使牢记; 压印
印记, 印痕; 持久的影响
- As I arrived, the shimmering skyline of domes and minarets was imprinted on my memory. (当我到达时,穹顶和尖塔形成的泛着微光的空中轮廓线铭刻在我的记忆中。)
- mark, print, characteristic, trace (印记;[法]痕迹;特征;版本说明)
1995. destination
目的地, 终点
-
tourist destination (旅游胜地;旅游目的地;旅游景点)
-
port of destination (目的港)
-
final destination (最终目的地)
-
destination port (目的港;目的端口)
-
ultimate destination (最终目的地)
-
destination airport (目的地机场;到达机场)
-
destination node (目的节点;目标节点)
-
country of destination (目的国;收货地国家)
-
destination country (前往目的地国;到达国)
-
destination address (目标地址)
-
place of destination (目的地)
-
destination folder (目标文件夹)
-
destination directory ([计]目标目录,目的目录)
-
destination file (目标文件;结果文件)
- Ellis Island has become one of America's most popular tourist destinations. (埃利斯岛已经成为美国最受欢迎的游览地之一。)
- goal, end-point ([计]目的地,终点)
1996. yoke
裤腰;牛轭;奴役,束缚
使结合, 连接
- deflection yoke ([电]偏转磁轭)
- the yoke of tradition (传统的枷锁)
-
chain, restriction (轭;束缚;牛轭)
-
couple, become one, link (结合;给…上轭)
-
bond, couple, become one, combine (结合;匹配)
1997. vertical
垂直的,竖直的
垂直线
-
vertical direction (垂直方向)
-
vertical shaft (立井;立轴;立柱)
-
vertical distribution (垂直分布;竖向分布)
-
vertical load (垂直荷载;垂直加载)
-
vertical integration (垂直整合;垂直统一管理;纵向结合)
-
vertical displacement (垂直位移;竖直位移)
-
vertical lathe ([机]立式车床(等于ertical boring mill))
-
vertical axis (垂直轴;纵轴)
-
vertical line (垂直线;铅垂线)
-
vertical section (垂直切面,纵断面)
-
vertical plane (垂直面)
-
vertical position (垂直位置,竖直位置;立焊位置)
-
vertical structure (垂直结构,纵向结构)
-
vertical resolution (垂直分辨率;垂直分解)
-
vertical tube (垂直管)
-
vertical flow (竖直怜)
-
vertical distance (垂直距离)
-
vertical pressure (垂直压力)
-
vertical force (垂直力)
-
vertical plate (竖直板)
-
a vertical line (垂直线)
-
the vertical axis of a graph (图的纵轴)
-
vertical window blinds (垂直百叶窗)
-
standing, perpendicular ([测]垂直的,直立的;[解剖][天]头顶的,顶点的)
-
perpendicular plane, perpendicular line ([数]垂直线,垂直面)
1998. reciprocal
相互的;互惠的;相应的;
-
reciprocal relation (互反关系)
-
reciprocal transformation (相互转化;反向变换;倒数转换)
-
reciprocal relationship (互反关系)
-
reciprocal cross (正反交;互交)
-
reciprocal action (互相酌;相互酌;交互作用)
-
He spoke of the necessity for a reciprocal relationship that would be useful for all sides. (他谈及需要建立对各方都有益的互惠关系。)
-
Such treaties provide reciprocal rights and obligations. (此类协议规定了相互之间的权利与义务。)
- mutual, au pair ([贸易]互惠的;相互的;[数]倒数的,彼此相反的)
1999. perpetuate
使永存, 使持续
- an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society (使我们的社会持续分化的一种教育制度)
- retain, keep up (使不朽;保持)